Tagarchief: Edmund Beaufort 2nd Duke of Somerset

maart 30, 2015 · 10:05 pm

The Wars of the Roses/Manifesto of Margaret of Anjou to the citizens of London in 1461/Letter to Susan Higginbotham

File:Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York.jpg

RICHARD OF YORK, CLAIMANT TO THE ENGLISH THRONE

AND ONE OF THE MAIN LEADERS OF THE WAR OF ROSES

[HISTORICAL IMAGE]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_of_York,_3rd_Duke_of_York

_________________________________________

EDMUND BEAUFORT, 2ND DUKE OF SOMERSET, THE GREAT RIVAL

OF RICHARD, DUKE OF YORK

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Beaufort,_2nd_Duke_of_Somerset

HISTORICAL FICTION

http://queenanneboleyn.com/2014/10/13/possession-wars-of-the-roses/

KING EDWARD IV, SON OF RICHARD, DUKE OF

YORK

HISTORICAL IMAGE

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_IV_of_England

KING EDWARD IV, SON OF RICHARD, DUKE OF

YORK

HISTORICAL FICTION

RICHARD NEVILLE, 16TH EARL OF WARWICK, THE KINGMAKER

COUSIN TO EDWARD IV, FIRST ALLY TO HIS FATHER, RICHARD,

DUKE OF YORK, THEN TO KING EDWARD IV

LATER THEY BECAME ADVERSARIES AND THE KINGMAKER TURNED

TO MARGARET OF ANJOU [BECOMING A ”LANCASTRIAN] TO RESTORE HENRY VI TO THE THRONE

HE FAILED AND LOST HIS LIFE IN THE BATTLE OF TEWKESBURY

HIS DAUGHTER, ANNE, LATER BECAME QUEEN OF ENGLAND,

MARRIED TO KING RICHARD III [BROTHER TO KING EDWARD IV]

[FICTION]

http://queenanneboleyn.com/2014/08/25/our-common-enemy-wars-of-the-roses/

KING HENRY VI OF ENGLAND

[HISTORICAL IMAGE]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England

MARGARET OF ANJOU, QUEEN OF ENGLAND

[HISTORICAL IMAGE]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_of_Anjou

TWO IMAGES OF MARGARET OF ANJOU, QUEEN OF ENGLAND

[FICTION]

http://queenanneboleyn.com/2013/11/04/my-fathers-daughter-wars-of-the-roses/

MANIFESTO OF MARGARET OF ANJOU TO THE CITIZENS OF

LONDON IN 1461/LETTER TO SUSAN HIGGINBOTHAM

Dear Mrs Higginbotham

As you probably know, I am a great admirer of your interesting

historical novels, especially your accurate historical research.

Perhaps you’ll remember that I wrote you some comments on your novel about

Margaret of Anjou ”Queen of Last Hopes”

See

http://www.astridessed.nl/wars-of-the-rosesmargaret-of-anjouletter-to-susan-higginbotham-about-her-book-queen-of-last-hopes/

Since then I wrote some critical remarks on your post

”If Margaret, why not Cecily?”

See your post

http://www.susanhigginbotham.com/blog/posts/if-margaret-why-not-cecily/

See my comments, which were published on your webliog

”History Refreshed”

http://www.astridessed.nl/the-wars-of-the-rosesthe-princes-in-the-towersusan-higginbothamhistory-refreshedif-margaret-why-not-cecilysome-comments/

MANIFESTO OF MARGARET OF ANJOU TO THE CITIZENS

OF LONDON IN 1461

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Getagd als Anne Mortimer, Edmund Beaufort 2nd Duke of Somerset, Edmund Mortimer 5th Earl of March, Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York, Edmund of York Earl of Rutland, English history, Henry Beaufort 3rd Duke of Somerset, Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI, Henry VII, history, House of Lancaster, House of York, Humphrey Duke of Gloucester, In English, John of Gaunt 1st Duke of Lancaster, Lionel of Antwerp Duke of Clarence, Margaret of Anjou, Richard 3th Duke of York, Richard Duke of York, Richard II, Richard Neville 16th Earl of Warwick the Kingmaker, Richard Neville 5th Earl of Salisbury, Richarde III, Roger Mortimer 4th Earl of March, The Black Prince, The Wars of the Roses, Thomas of Woodstock, Wars of the Roses

· 4:47 pm

The Wars of the Roses/Enmity between Margaret of Anjou and Richard, Duke of York/After the battle of Wakefield/Manifesto of Margaret of Anjou to the citizens of London in 1461

RICHARD OF YORK, CLAIMANT TO THE ENGLISH THRONE

AND ONE OF THE MAIN LEADERS OF THE WAR OF ROSES

[HISTORICAL IMAGE]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_of_York,_3rd_Duke_of_York

_________________________________________

EDMUND BEAUFORT, 2ND DUKE OF SOMERSET, THE GREAT RIVAL

OF RICHARD, DUKE OF YORK

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Beaufort,_2nd_Duke_of_Somerset

HISTORICAL FICTION

http://queenanneboleyn.com/2014/10/13/possession-wars-of-the-roses/

KING EDWARD IV, SON OF RICHARD, DUKE OF

YORK

HISTORICAL IMAGE

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_IV_of_England

KING EDWARD IV, SON OF RICHARD, DUKE OF

YORK

HISTORICAL FICTION

RICHARD NEVILLE, 16TH EARL OF WARWICK, THE KINGMAKER

COUSIN TO EDWARD IV, FIRST ALLY TO HIS FATHER, RICHARD,

DUKE OF YORK, THEN TO KING EDWARD IV

LATER THEY BECAME ADVERSARIES AND THE KINGMAKER TURNED

TO MARGARET OF ANJOU [BECOMING A ”LANCASTRIAN] TO RESTORE HENRY VI TO THE THRONE

HE FAILED AND LOST HIS LIFE IN THE BATTLE OF TEWKESBURY

HIS DAUGHTER, ANNE, LATER BECAME QUEEN OF ENGLAND,

MARRIED TO KING RICHARD III [BROTHER TO KING EDWARD IV]

[FICTION]

http://queenanneboleyn.com/2014/08/25/our-common-enemy-wars-of-the-roses/

KING HENRY VI OF ENGLAND

[HISTORICAL IMAGE]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England

MARGARET OF ANJOU, QUEEN OF ENGLAND

[HISTORICAL IMAGE]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_of_Anjou

TWO IMAGES OF MARGARET OF ANJOU, QUEEN OF ENGLAND

[FICTION]

http://queenanneboleyn.com/2013/11/04/my-fathers-daughter-wars-of-the-roses/

ENMITY BETWEEN MARGARET OF ANJOU AND RICHARD, DUKE OF YORK/

AFTER THE BATTLE OF WAKEFIELD/MANIFESTO OF MARGARET OF

ANJOU TO THE CITIZENS OF LONDON IN 1461

”When you play the game of thrones, you win or

you die. There is no middle ground”

I proudly present one of the rare documents I found in which Queen Margaret

of Anjou refers to her great enemy, Richard, Duke of York.

It is to be read in a Manifesto she proclaimed to the citizens

of London concerning her military campaigns after

the Battle of Wakefield.

See the text of the Manifesto below

But first:

BACKGROUND

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Getagd als Anne Mortimer, Edmund Beaufort 2nd Duke of Somerset, Edmund Mortimer 5th Earl of March, Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York, Edward III, Edward IV, England, English history, France, Henry Beaufort 3rd Duke of Somerset, Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI, Henry VII, history, Humphrey Duke of Gloucester, Hundred Years War, In English, John of Gaunt 1st Duke of Lancaster, Lionel of Antwerp Duke of Clarence, Louis XI, Margaret of Anjou, Richard 3rd Duke of York, Richard 3th Duke of York, Richard Duke of York, Richard II, Richard III, Richard Neville 16th Earl of Warwick the Kingmaker, Richard Neville 5th Earl of Salisbury, Roger Mortimer 4th Earl of March, The Black Prince, The Wars of the Roses, Thomas of Woodstock, Wars of the Roses

maart 29, 2015 · 10:36 pm

The Wars of the Roses/[Murreyandblue/WordPress.com]/Duke Richard the 3rd Duke of York (3), heir to the throne

DUKE RICHARD, THE 3RD DUKE OF YORK (3), HEIR TO

THE THRONE

The she-wolf of France, but worse than wolves of France

Whose tongue more poisons than an adders tooth

How ill beseeming it is in thy sex

To triumph like an amazon trull”

(Henry VI Part 3)

St Albans and its significance

The first battle of St Albans represents a landmark in the dispute between York and Lancaster; not as the first battle of a civil war, since it was not that, or as their biggest or bloodiest battle, since it was not that either. Its importance lay in the fact that it represented the ultimate expression of York’s change of tack from being the king’s champion to being the realm’s champion.

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Getagd als Anne Mortimer, Edmund Beaufort 2nd Duke of Somerset, Edmund Mortimer 5th Earl of March, Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York, Edward III, Edward IV, Edward of Westminster, England, English history, France, Henry Beaufort 3rd Duke of Somerset, Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI, Henry VII, history, House of Lancaster, House of York, Hundred Years War, In English, Lionel of Antwerp Duke of Clarence, Margaret of Anjou, Richard 3rd Duke of York, Richard 3th Duke of York, Richard II, Richard III, Richard Neville 16th Earl of Warwick the Kingmaker, Richard Neville 5th Earl of Salisbury, Roger Mortimer 4th Earl of March, The Black Prince, The Wars of the Roses, Thomas of Woodstock, Wars of the Roses

· 10:22 pm

The Wars of the Roses/[Murreyandblue/WordPress.com]/Duke Richard the 3rd Duke of York ”……..the King’s true liegeman……?”

DUKE RICHARD, THE 3RD DUKE OF YORK (2), ”…….THE KING’S TRUE LIEGEMAN

…….?”

How now? Is Somerset at liberty?

Then, York unloose thy long-imprisoned thoughts

And let thy tongue be equal with thy heart.

Shall I endure the sight of Somerset?

(Shakespeare: Henry VI part 2)

On his return from service in Normandy, duke Richard was the king’s true liegeman and an obedient servant of the Lancastrian establishment: or so it seemed. If he blamed the government for his enormous debts incurred on the king’s service, he did not show it. If he resented the preferment of John Beaufort and two other Lancastrian earls, he did not show it. If he was angry at the loss of Anjou and Main as part of the queen’s marriage settlement, he did not show it. In fact his reticence was a remarkable display of sangfroid in the face of his worsening financial, dynastic and political situation. Whether this reflected his true feelings or not is doubtful. Although there was now a fracture in his bond of loyalty to the Lancastrian government, he could not afford a public show of pique. He was politically weak and only harm could come to him from making a fuss now. Discretion is indeed the better part of valour; York was keeping his own counsel and biding his time.

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Getagd als Anne Moertimer, Anne Mortimer, Edmund Beaufort 2nd Duke of Somerset, Edmund Mortimer 5th Earl of March, Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York, Edward III, Edward IV, Edward of Westminster, England, English history, France, Henry Baeufort 3rd Duke of Somerset, Henry Beaufort 3rd Duke of Somerset, Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI, Henry VII, history, House of Lancaster, House of York, Hundred Years War, In English, John of Gaunt 1st Duke of Lancaster, Lionel of Antwerp Duke of Clarence, Margaret of Anjou, Richard 3rd Duke of York, Richard 3th Duke of York, Richard II, Richard III, Richard Neville 16th Earl of Warwick the Kingmaker, Richard Neville 5th Earl of Salisbury, Roger Mortimer 4th Earl of March, The Black Prince, The Wars of the Roses, Thomas of Woodstock, Wars of the Roses

· 10:07 pm

The Wars of the Roses/[Murreyandblue/WordPress.com]/Duke Richard of York (1), the man who would be king

DUKE RICHARD OF YORK (1), THE MAN WHO WOULD BE KING

On the 10^th of October 1460, Richard Plantagenet 3^rd duke of York walked into Westminster Hall wearing the full arms of England undifferenced. After a moment, he put his hand on the empty throne. When asked if he wished to see the king, he replied “I know of no one in the realm who would not more fitly come to me than I to him”. With those words, he declared to all those present that duke Richard had finally renounced his allegiance to king Henry VI and claimed the English crown by right of strict inheritance. York’s motive has puzzled historians ever since. Was it really his ‘natural disposition’ to champion the public interest, or was it the notion that he was the rightful king all along that stirred his ambition? This is the first of three essays in which I hope to explore that question from a personal perspective. I should add for the avoidance of doubt, that I have no intention of considering the validity duke Richard’s title: that is for another time. Neither is this a potted biography; I have included a few details of what I believe are some relevant friction points in his life for purely contextual reasons.

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Getagd als Anne Mortimer, Edmund Beaufort 2nd Duke of Somerset, Edmund Mortimer 5th Earl of March, Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York, Edward II, Edward III, Edward of Westminster, England, English history, France, Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI, Henry VII, history, House of Lancaster, House of York, Humphrey of Gloucester, Hundred Years War, In English, John of Gaunt 1st Duke of Lancaster, Lionel of Antwerp Duke of Clarence, Margaret of Anjou, Richard 3rd Duke of York, Richard 3th Duke of York, Richard II, Richard III, Richard Neville 16th Earl of Warwick the Kingmaker, Richard Neville 5th Earl of Salisbury, Roger Mortimer 4th Earl of March, The Black Prince, The Wars of the Roses, Thomas of Woodstock, Wars of the Roses

maart 28, 2015 · 4:17 pm

The Wars of the Roses/[Rusell Butcher]/Propaganda in the prepared parliamentary speeches of 1455-1461

PROPAGANDA IN THE PREPARED PARLIAMENTARY SPEECHES

OF 1455-1461

RUSELL BUTCHER

Propaganda, perceived by many as a twentieth-century phenomenon, has permeated recorded history. The mass propaganda of the world wars and cold war linger most in present memory, due not only to its chronological proximity, but also its potency. Earlier uses of propaganda can easily be overshadowed, in many cases considered mere bias. Yet it has always existed, and in England developed particularly in the years from 1455 to 1485, which saw a growth in the awareness for the need of propaganda to stabilise or undermine the regime in power. Many historians have made reference to propaganda in the prepared speeches in the parliamentary records for 1455-61, but few have scrutinised them as a whole as I intend to do here.

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Getagd als Act of Accord, Anne Mortimer, Edmund Beaufort 2nd Duke of Somerset, Edmund Mortimer 5th Earl of March, Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York, Edmund of Lanley 1, Edward III, Edward IV, Edward of Westminster, English history, Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI, Henry VII, history, House of Lancaster, House of York, Hundred Years War, In English, John of Gaunt 1st Duke of Lancaster, Lionel of Antwerp Duke of Clarence, Margaret of Anjou, Richard 3th Duke of York, Richard Duke of York, Richard II, Richard III, Richard Neville 16th Earl of Warwick the Kingmaker, Richard Neville 5th Earl of Salisbury, Richard of Conisburgh, Richard of Conisburgh 3rd Earl of Cambridge, Roger Mortimer 4th Earl of March, Southampton Plot, The Black Prince, The Wars of the Roses, Thomas of Woodstock, Wars of the Roses

maart 9, 2015 · 4:48 pm

The Wars of the Roses/Rivalry between Richard, Duke of York and the Duke of Somerset/Two proclamations of Richard of York/[The Paston Letters and Selections from the sources of English history]

RICHARD OF YORK, CLAIMANT TO THE ENGLISH THRONE

AND ONE OF THE MAIN LEADERS OF THE WAR OF ROSES

[WAR BETWEEN THE HOUSES OF LANCASTER AND YORK,

BOTH DESCENDANTS OF KING EDWARD III]

[HISTORICAL IMAGE]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_of_York,_3rd_Duke_of_York

_________________________________________

EDMUND BEAUFORT, 2ND DUKE OF SOMERSET, THE GREAT RIVAL

OF RICHARD, DUKE OF YORK

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Beaufort,_2nd_Duke_of_Somerset

HISTORICAL FICTION

http://queenanneboleyn.com/2014/10/13/possession-wars-of-the-roses/

KING HENRY VI OF ENGLAND

[HISTORICAL IMAGE]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England

MARGARET OF ANJOU, QUEEN OF ENGLAND

[HISTORICAL IMAGE]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_of_Anjou

TWO IMAGES OF MARGARET OF ANJOU, QUEEN OF ENGLAND

[FICTION]

http://queenanneboleyn.com/2013/11/04/my-fathers-daughter-wars-of-the-roses/

WARS OF THE ROSES

RIVALRY BETWEEN RICHARD, DUKE

OF YORK AND THE DUKE OF SOMERSET/

TWO PROCLAMATIONS OF RICHARD, DUKE OF YORK IN 1452

[PASTON LETTERS AND SELECTIONS FROM THE SOURCES OF

ENGLISH HISTORY]

INTRODUCTION

These two proclamations of Richard, Duke of York, which I found in the Paston

Letters and ”Selections from the Sources of English history” are

very interesting, since they concern the major conflict between Richard,

Duke of York and Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset, one of the direct

causes to the Wars of the Roses.

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Getagd als Edmund Beaufort 2nd Duke of Somerset, Edmund Beaufort Duke of Somerset, Edmund of Langley, Edward III, Edward IV, English history, Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI, Henry VII, history, In English, John of Gaunt, Lionel of Antwerp, Margaret of Anjou, Richard 3th Duke of York, Richard Duke of York, Richard II, Richard III, The Wars of the Roses, Wars of the Roses

februari 15, 2015 · 6:28 am

The Wars of the Roses/[Susan Higginbotham]/Margaret of Anjou

margaret of anjou

MARGARET OF ANJOU

(The following is a slightly revised blog post I did on Margaret of Anjou, the subject of my novel in progress,
The Queen of Last Hopes. For more pieces about her and a picture gallery, see the links at the bottom of the page.)

Margaret of Anjou, queen to the unfortunate Henry VI, has surely been one of the most maligned English queens. She’s regularly portrayed as an adulteress and a vengeful harpy. One historical novel even has her repeatedly trying to murder her daughter-in-law, Anne Neville, though I never quite figured out why. (I’m not sure the author knew either.)

A set piece in many a Wars of the Roses novel, even some recent ones where the authors should have known better, involves cruel Margaret ordering immediately after the Battle of Wakefield that the severed heads of the Duke of York and his teenage son, the Earl of Rutland, be displayed and the Duke’s head be garnished with a
paper crown. In fact, Margaret was not at the Battle of Wakefield; she was in Scotland at the time. There’s even been considerable doubt cast as to the extent of the atrocities supposedly committed by her troops.

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Getagd als Battle of Wakefield, Edmund Beaufort 2nd Duke of Somerset, Edward III, Edward IV, English history, Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI, Henry VII, history, House of Lancaster, House of York, Hundred Years War, In English, Margaret of Anjou, Richard 3th Duke of York, Richard Duke of York, Richard II, Richard III, Richard Neville 16th Earl of Warwick, Richard Neville 5th Earl of Salisbury, The Wars of the Roses, Wars of the Roses, William de la Pole Duke of Suffolk

februari 10, 2015 · 5:59 pm

The Wars of the Roses/[NevillFeast]/The 1st Battle of St Albans: A Warwick! A Warwick!

THE 1ST BATTLE OF ST ALBANS: A WARWICK! A WARWICK!

The battle itself, fought in the streets of St Albans, the royal standard raised then abandoned in the market square, lasted little over half an hour. Three prominent noblemen were killed. Henry VI was wounded. Yorkist propaganda got its first real work out. The Earl of Warwick’s reputation was made.

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Getagd als 1st Duke of Somerset, Edmund Beaufort, Edmund Beaufort 2nd Duke of Somerset, Edward of Westminster, English history, First Battle of St Albans, Henry IV, Henry Percy 2nd Earl of Northumberland, Henry V, Henry VI, Henry VII, history, In English, Margaret of Anjou, Richard Duke of York, Richard II, Richard III, Richard Neville 16th Earl of Warwick the Kingmaker, Richard Neville 5th Earl of Salisbury, The Wars of the Roses, Wars of the Roses

· 5:50 pm

The Wars of the Roses/[NevillFeast]/Letter from York, Warwick and Salisbury to Thomas Bourchier, Archbishop of Canterbury, 20 May 1455

LETTER FROM YORK, WARWICK AND SALISBURY TO THOMAS

BOURCHIER, ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY, 20 MAY 1455

Written in Royston, this letter was delivered to Archbishop Thomas Bourchier in London while the king was on his way to Leicester. John Say delivered it at Watford, though not into the king’s hands as York hoped. This is a long letter, and pretty dense, so I’m posting it with a translation below. (Translation from British History online, Parliamentary Rolls, Henry VI, 1455. http://www.british-history.ac.uk)

As members of the Archbishop’s family were split between the king’s forces and York’s, it would have been in his interests to try and broker a peaceful end to the very tense situation.

The letter has been described as ‘propaganda’, which it was certainly used for after the fact. I don’t doubt, however, that the three lords were genuinely concerned about their safety should the meeting at Leicester go ahead without them. There was a flurry of letters during the days leading up to the first battle of St Albans, all intended for the eyes of the king and none of them (apparently) reaching him. York blamed Somerset for withholding them and, according to the Fastolf Relation, Buckingham admitted to Mowbray Herald that Henry hadn’t seen them. Whether anything would have changed had the king read the letters is, of course, impossible to know.

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Getagd als Edmund Beaufort 2nd Duke of Somerset, Edward III, Edward IV, Edward of Westminster, English history, First Battle of St Albans, Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI, Henry VII, history, House of Lancaster, House of York, In English, Margaret of Anjou, Richard 3th Duke of York, Richard Duke of York, Richard II, Richard III, Richard Neville 16th Earl of Warwick, Richard Neville 16th Earl of Warwick the Kingmaker, Richard Neville 5th Earl of Salisbury, The Wars of the Roses, Wars of the Roses

Tagarchief: Edmund Beaufort 2nd Duke of Somerset

The Wars of the Roses/Manifesto of Margaret of Anjou to the citizens of London in 1461/Letter to Susan Higginbotham

The Wars of the Roses/Enmity between Margaret of Anjou and Richard, Duke of York/After the battle of Wakefield/Manifesto of Margaret of Anjou to the citizens of London in 1461

The Wars of the Roses/[Murreyandblue/WordPress.com]/Duke Richard the 3rd Duke of York (3), heir to the throne

The Wars of the Roses/[Murreyandblue/WordPress.com]/Duke Richard the 3rd Duke of York ”……..the King’s true liegeman……?”

The Wars of the Roses/[Murreyandblue/WordPress.com]/Duke Richard of York (1), the man who would be king

The Wars of the Roses/[Rusell Butcher]/Propaganda in the prepared parliamentary speeches of 1455-1461

The Wars of the Roses/Rivalry between Richard, Duke of York and the Duke of Somerset/Two proclamations of Richard of York/[The Paston Letters and Selections from the sources of English history]

The Wars of the Roses/[Susan Higginbotham]/Margaret of Anjou

The Wars of the Roses/[NevillFeast]/The 1st Battle of St Albans: A Warwick! A Warwick!

The Wars of the Roses/[NevillFeast]/Letter from York, Warwick and Salisbury to Thomas Bourchier, Archbishop of Canterbury, 20 May 1455

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Tagarchief: Edmund Beaufort 2nd Duke of Somerset

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