Categorie archief: Divers

april 5, 2015 · 10:17 am

[Article Peter Storm]/Dear Cheerleaders, we need to have a chat about imperialism

DEAR CHEERLEADERS, WE NEED TO HAVE A CHAT ABOUT

Door peter | 4 april 2015 | in English, Koerden Koerdistan, Syrië, Verenigde Staten beleid buitenland

Saturday, 4 April, 2015

Written for Libcom, and just published on my blog there.

In Rojava, in the North of Syria, Kurdish fighters are struggling against IS, Islamic State. That struggle deserves out interest, because it is not just a fight between armed groups fighting for territory but at the same time a struggle for a different social and political order, called Democratic Confederalism. Direct democracy, a central rol of women in the fight and in the running of society, space for people of different ethnic backgound to express themselves and co-determine their own fate, libertarian socialist inspiration and a clear break with the Marxist-Leninist and nationalist orthodoxies of the Kurdish movements involved , the PYD in Syria, the PKK in Turkey with which the PYD is connected… all this gives many people reason to cheer the events as an important revolution – the Rojava Revolution. Others, however, are less convinced, some – myself not excluded – have serious reservations. Exchanges of opinions, sometimes furious ones, have been going on for months now. What follows is a contribution to this polemic.

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Getagd als Human Rights, imperialism, imperialisme, In English, IS, ISIS, Koerden, Koerdistan, Kurdistan, Kurds, Mensenrechten, Syria, Syrie, US, USA, Verenigde Staten, VS

april 3, 2015 · 1:24 pm

Gerechtshof: Vluchtgarage mag worden ontruimd/Een nieuw dieptepunt in de behandeling van vluchtelingen

Dansende vluchtelingen op de manifestatie bij de Tweede Kamer gisteren.

PROTEST VLUCHTELINGEN BIJ DE TWEEDE KAMER

http://www.doorbraak.eu/vluchtelingen-vormen-motor-strijd-tegen-uitsluitingsbeleid-van-teeven/

TENTENKAMP OSDORP

VLUCHTKERK

VLUCHTFLAT

VLUCHTKANTOOR

SURINAMEPLEIN

VLUCHTHAVEN

VLUCHTGARAGE

VLUCHTMARKT

VLUCHTOPVANG

UIT DEZE PLEKKEN WERDEN DE VLUCHTELINGEN

VERDREVEN

EN IN DEN HAAG UIT DE SACRAMENTSKERK

NU MOETEN DE VLUCHTELINGEN OOK

DE VLUCHTGARAGE ONTRUIMEN EN

WORDEN ZE DE STORM EN DE HAGEL INGESTUURD

ZIEHIER HUN HUIDIGE LOCATIE HET VLUCHTGEBOUW

MAAR HOE LANG NOG?

JE MOET WEL PRAKTISCH DE GRAN CANYON BEKLIMMEN

WIL JE IN NEDERLAND EN DE REST VAN EUROPA EEN

VERBLIJFSVERGUNNING KRIJGEN

GERECHTSHOF: VLUCHTGARAGE MAG WORDEN ONTRUIMD/

EEN NIEUW DIEPTEPUNT IN DE BEHANDELING VAN VLUCHTELINGEN

”Vrijheid is pas vrijheid als iedereen vrij is”

Het zoveelste drama in de tragedie van de uitgeprocedeerde vluchtelingen

is ingeluid.

De beslissing, in Hoger beroep, van het gerechtshof dat de Gemeente de Vluchtgarage [1] waar sinds 2013 een groep uitgeprocedeerde vluchtelingen onder

barre omstandigheden [2] en zonder enige steun van Gemeente en

Stadsdeel Zuid Oost verblijven [3], mag ontruimen. [4]

Dit gaat in tegen een eerdere gerechtelijke uitspraak van de kantonrechter,

die de ontruiming nog verbood tot 1 mei vanwege uit humanitaire

overwegingen [5] [winterse kou, etc]

Dat was gewetensvol en daarom al een opmerkelijke uitspraak.

Ook wees de rechter op de crux van het probleem:

”dat de situatie van de uitgeprocedeerden, om wie het hier gaat,

uitzichtloos is vanwege de ”problematische” terugkeer naar het land

van herkomst. [6]

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Getagd als Asielbeleid, burgemeester van der Laan, burgemeester vd Laan, eritrea, Mensenrechten, Somalie, Teeven, Terugkeerbeleid Ned Overheid, van der Laan, vd Laan, vluchtelingen

· 6:22 am

Gerechtshof: ”Vluchtgarage mag worden ontruimd”/Een nieuw dieptepunt in de behandeling van vluchtelingen/Reactie op AT5

Dansende vluchtelingen op de manifestatie bij de Tweede Kamer gisteren.

PROTEST VLUCHTELINGEN BIJ DE TWEEDE KAMER

http://www.doorbraak.eu/vluchtelingen-vormen-motor-strijd-tegen-uitsluitingsbeleid-van-teeven/

TENTENKAMP OSDORP

VLUCHTKERK

VLUCHTFLAT

VLUCHTKANTOOR

SURINAMEPLEIN

VLUCHTHAVEN

VLUCHTGARAGE

VLUCHTMARKT

VLUCHTOPVANG

UIT DEZE PLEKKEN WERDEN DE VLUCHTELINGEN

VERDREVEN

EN IN DEN HAAG UIT DE SACRAMENTSKERK

NU MOETEN DE VLUCHTELINGEN OOK

DE VLUCHTGARAGE ONTRUIMEN EN

WORDEN ZE DE STORM EN DE HAGEL INGESTUURD

ZIEHIER HUN HUIDIGE LOCATIE HET VLUCHTGEBOUW

MAAR HOE LANG NOG?

JE MOET WEL PRAKTISCH DE GRAN CANYON BEKLIMMEN

WIL JE IN NEDERLAND EN DE REST VAN EUROPA EEN

VERBLIJFSVERGUNNING KRIJGEN

GERECHTSHOF: VLUCHTGARAGE MAG WORDEN ONTRUIMD/

EEN NIEUW DIEPTEPUNT IN DE BEHANDELING VAN VLUCHTELINGEN/

REACTIE OP AT5

Het zoveelste drama in de tragedie van de uitgeprocedeerde vluchtelingen

is ingeluid.

De beslissing, in Hoger beroep, van het gerechtshof dat de Gemeente de Vluchtgarage waar sinds 2013 een groep uitgeprocedeerde vluchtelingen in

barre omstandigheden en zonder enige steun van Gemeente en

Stadsdeel Zuid Oost verblijven, mag ontruimen.

Dit gaat in tegen een eerdere gerechtelijke uitspraak van de kantonrechter,

die de ontruiming nog verbood tot 1 mei uit humanitaire

overwegingen, vanwege de winterse kou.

Dat was gewetensvol en daarom al een opmerkelijke uitspraak.

Ook wees de rechter op de crux van het probleem:

dat de situatie van de uitgeprocedeerden, om wie het hier gaat,

”uitzichtloos is” vanwege de ”problematische” terugkeer naar het land

van herkomst.

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Reacties uitgeschakeld voor Gerechtshof: ”Vluchtgarage mag worden ontruimd”/Een nieuw dieptepunt in de behandeling van vluchtelingen/Reactie op AT5

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Getagd als Asielbeleid, AT5, burgemeester van der Laan, burgemeester vd Laan, eritrea, Mensenrechten, Reactie AT5, Reactie op AT5, Somalie, Teeven, Terugkeerbeleid Ned Overheid, van der Laan, vd Laan, vluchtelingen

april 1, 2015 · 5:25 am

Bijlmerboxbaby’s/Arrogante, racistische en minderwaardige column

FEMME FATALE

DE CARRIEREVROUW

DE HUISVROUW

DE OUDERWETSE VUILNISBAK WAARIN DE COLUMN ”BIJLMERBOX

BABY’S VAN HADJAR BENMILOUD THUISHOORT

BIJLMERBOXBABY’S/ARROGANTE, RACISTISCHE EN MINDERWAARDIGE

COLUMN

Hoewel de column van Hadjar Benmiloud ”Bijlmerboxbaby’s”

te vies is om met een tang aan te pakken, laat staan

om het te becommentarieren, waag ik toch maar een poging.

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Getagd als discriminatie, Mensenrechten, Racisme, Waakzaamheid

maart 30, 2015 · 10:05 pm

The Wars of the Roses/Manifesto of Margaret of Anjou to the citizens of London in 1461/Letter to Susan Higginbotham

File:Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York.jpg

RICHARD OF YORK, CLAIMANT TO THE ENGLISH THRONE

AND ONE OF THE MAIN LEADERS OF THE WAR OF ROSES

[HISTORICAL IMAGE]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_of_York,_3rd_Duke_of_York

_________________________________________

EDMUND BEAUFORT, 2ND DUKE OF SOMERSET, THE GREAT RIVAL

OF RICHARD, DUKE OF YORK

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Beaufort,_2nd_Duke_of_Somerset

HISTORICAL FICTION

http://queenanneboleyn.com/2014/10/13/possession-wars-of-the-roses/

KING EDWARD IV, SON OF RICHARD, DUKE OF

YORK

HISTORICAL IMAGE

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_IV_of_England

KING EDWARD IV, SON OF RICHARD, DUKE OF

YORK

HISTORICAL FICTION

RICHARD NEVILLE, 16TH EARL OF WARWICK, THE KINGMAKER

COUSIN TO EDWARD IV, FIRST ALLY TO HIS FATHER, RICHARD,

DUKE OF YORK, THEN TO KING EDWARD IV

LATER THEY BECAME ADVERSARIES AND THE KINGMAKER TURNED

TO MARGARET OF ANJOU [BECOMING A ”LANCASTRIAN] TO RESTORE HENRY VI TO THE THRONE

HE FAILED AND LOST HIS LIFE IN THE BATTLE OF TEWKESBURY

HIS DAUGHTER, ANNE, LATER BECAME QUEEN OF ENGLAND,

MARRIED TO KING RICHARD III [BROTHER TO KING EDWARD IV]

[FICTION]

http://queenanneboleyn.com/2014/08/25/our-common-enemy-wars-of-the-roses/

KING HENRY VI OF ENGLAND

[HISTORICAL IMAGE]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England

MARGARET OF ANJOU, QUEEN OF ENGLAND

[HISTORICAL IMAGE]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_of_Anjou

TWO IMAGES OF MARGARET OF ANJOU, QUEEN OF ENGLAND

[FICTION]

http://queenanneboleyn.com/2013/11/04/my-fathers-daughter-wars-of-the-roses/

MANIFESTO OF MARGARET OF ANJOU TO THE CITIZENS OF

LONDON IN 1461/LETTER TO SUSAN HIGGINBOTHAM

Dear Mrs Higginbotham

As you probably know, I am a great admirer of your interesting

historical novels, especially your accurate historical research.

Perhaps you’ll remember that I wrote you some comments on your novel about

Margaret of Anjou ”Queen of Last Hopes”

See

http://www.astridessed.nl/wars-of-the-rosesmargaret-of-anjouletter-to-susan-higginbotham-about-her-book-queen-of-last-hopes/

Since then I wrote some critical remarks on your post

”If Margaret, why not Cecily?”

See your post

http://www.susanhigginbotham.com/blog/posts/if-margaret-why-not-cecily/

See my comments, which were published on your webliog

”History Refreshed”

http://www.astridessed.nl/the-wars-of-the-rosesthe-princes-in-the-towersusan-higginbothamhistory-refreshedif-margaret-why-not-cecilysome-comments/

MANIFESTO OF MARGARET OF ANJOU TO THE CITIZENS

OF LONDON IN 1461

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Getagd als Anne Mortimer, Edmund Beaufort 2nd Duke of Somerset, Edmund Mortimer 5th Earl of March, Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York, Edmund of York Earl of Rutland, English history, Henry Beaufort 3rd Duke of Somerset, Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI, Henry VII, history, House of Lancaster, House of York, Humphrey Duke of Gloucester, In English, John of Gaunt 1st Duke of Lancaster, Lionel of Antwerp Duke of Clarence, Margaret of Anjou, Richard 3th Duke of York, Richard Duke of York, Richard II, Richard Neville 16th Earl of Warwick the Kingmaker, Richard Neville 5th Earl of Salisbury, Richarde III, Roger Mortimer 4th Earl of March, The Black Prince, The Wars of the Roses, Thomas of Woodstock, Wars of the Roses

· 4:47 pm

The Wars of the Roses/Enmity between Margaret of Anjou and Richard, Duke of York/After the battle of Wakefield/Manifesto of Margaret of Anjou to the citizens of London in 1461

RICHARD OF YORK, CLAIMANT TO THE ENGLISH THRONE

AND ONE OF THE MAIN LEADERS OF THE WAR OF ROSES

[HISTORICAL IMAGE]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_of_York,_3rd_Duke_of_York

_________________________________________

EDMUND BEAUFORT, 2ND DUKE OF SOMERSET, THE GREAT RIVAL

OF RICHARD, DUKE OF YORK

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Beaufort,_2nd_Duke_of_Somerset

HISTORICAL FICTION

http://queenanneboleyn.com/2014/10/13/possession-wars-of-the-roses/

KING EDWARD IV, SON OF RICHARD, DUKE OF

YORK

HISTORICAL IMAGE

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_IV_of_England

KING EDWARD IV, SON OF RICHARD, DUKE OF

YORK

HISTORICAL FICTION

RICHARD NEVILLE, 16TH EARL OF WARWICK, THE KINGMAKER

COUSIN TO EDWARD IV, FIRST ALLY TO HIS FATHER, RICHARD,

DUKE OF YORK, THEN TO KING EDWARD IV

LATER THEY BECAME ADVERSARIES AND THE KINGMAKER TURNED

TO MARGARET OF ANJOU [BECOMING A ”LANCASTRIAN] TO RESTORE HENRY VI TO THE THRONE

HE FAILED AND LOST HIS LIFE IN THE BATTLE OF TEWKESBURY

HIS DAUGHTER, ANNE, LATER BECAME QUEEN OF ENGLAND,

MARRIED TO KING RICHARD III [BROTHER TO KING EDWARD IV]

[FICTION]

http://queenanneboleyn.com/2014/08/25/our-common-enemy-wars-of-the-roses/

KING HENRY VI OF ENGLAND

[HISTORICAL IMAGE]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England

MARGARET OF ANJOU, QUEEN OF ENGLAND

[HISTORICAL IMAGE]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_of_Anjou

TWO IMAGES OF MARGARET OF ANJOU, QUEEN OF ENGLAND

[FICTION]

http://queenanneboleyn.com/2013/11/04/my-fathers-daughter-wars-of-the-roses/

ENMITY BETWEEN MARGARET OF ANJOU AND RICHARD, DUKE OF YORK/

AFTER THE BATTLE OF WAKEFIELD/MANIFESTO OF MARGARET OF

ANJOU TO THE CITIZENS OF LONDON IN 1461

”When you play the game of thrones, you win or

you die. There is no middle ground”

I proudly present one of the rare documents I found in which Queen Margaret

of Anjou refers to her great enemy, Richard, Duke of York.

It is to be read in a Manifesto she proclaimed to the citizens

of London concerning her military campaigns after

the Battle of Wakefield.

See the text of the Manifesto below

But first:

BACKGROUND

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Getagd als Anne Mortimer, Edmund Beaufort 2nd Duke of Somerset, Edmund Mortimer 5th Earl of March, Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York, Edward III, Edward IV, England, English history, France, Henry Beaufort 3rd Duke of Somerset, Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI, Henry VII, history, Humphrey Duke of Gloucester, Hundred Years War, In English, John of Gaunt 1st Duke of Lancaster, Lionel of Antwerp Duke of Clarence, Louis XI, Margaret of Anjou, Richard 3rd Duke of York, Richard 3th Duke of York, Richard Duke of York, Richard II, Richard III, Richard Neville 16th Earl of Warwick the Kingmaker, Richard Neville 5th Earl of Salisbury, Roger Mortimer 4th Earl of March, The Black Prince, The Wars of the Roses, Thomas of Woodstock, Wars of the Roses

maart 29, 2015 · 10:36 pm

The Wars of the Roses/[Murreyandblue/WordPress.com]/Duke Richard the 3rd Duke of York (3), heir to the throne

DUKE RICHARD, THE 3RD DUKE OF YORK (3), HEIR TO

THE THRONE

The she-wolf of France, but worse than wolves of France

Whose tongue more poisons than an adders tooth

How ill beseeming it is in thy sex

To triumph like an amazon trull”

(Henry VI Part 3)

St Albans and its significance

The first battle of St Albans represents a landmark in the dispute between York and Lancaster; not as the first battle of a civil war, since it was not that, or as their biggest or bloodiest battle, since it was not that either. Its importance lay in the fact that it represented the ultimate expression of York’s change of tack from being the king’s champion to being the realm’s champion.

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Getagd als Anne Mortimer, Edmund Beaufort 2nd Duke of Somerset, Edmund Mortimer 5th Earl of March, Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York, Edward III, Edward IV, Edward of Westminster, England, English history, France, Henry Beaufort 3rd Duke of Somerset, Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI, Henry VII, history, House of Lancaster, House of York, Hundred Years War, In English, Lionel of Antwerp Duke of Clarence, Margaret of Anjou, Richard 3rd Duke of York, Richard 3th Duke of York, Richard II, Richard III, Richard Neville 16th Earl of Warwick the Kingmaker, Richard Neville 5th Earl of Salisbury, Roger Mortimer 4th Earl of March, The Black Prince, The Wars of the Roses, Thomas of Woodstock, Wars of the Roses

· 10:22 pm

The Wars of the Roses/[Murreyandblue/WordPress.com]/Duke Richard the 3rd Duke of York ”……..the King’s true liegeman……?”

DUKE RICHARD, THE 3RD DUKE OF YORK (2), ”…….THE KING’S TRUE LIEGEMAN

…….?”

How now? Is Somerset at liberty?

Then, York unloose thy long-imprisoned thoughts

And let thy tongue be equal with thy heart.

Shall I endure the sight of Somerset?

(Shakespeare: Henry VI part 2)

On his return from service in Normandy, duke Richard was the king’s true liegeman and an obedient servant of the Lancastrian establishment: or so it seemed. If he blamed the government for his enormous debts incurred on the king’s service, he did not show it. If he resented the preferment of John Beaufort and two other Lancastrian earls, he did not show it. If he was angry at the loss of Anjou and Main as part of the queen’s marriage settlement, he did not show it. In fact his reticence was a remarkable display of sangfroid in the face of his worsening financial, dynastic and political situation. Whether this reflected his true feelings or not is doubtful. Although there was now a fracture in his bond of loyalty to the Lancastrian government, he could not afford a public show of pique. He was politically weak and only harm could come to him from making a fuss now. Discretion is indeed the better part of valour; York was keeping his own counsel and biding his time.

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Getagd als Anne Moertimer, Anne Mortimer, Edmund Beaufort 2nd Duke of Somerset, Edmund Mortimer 5th Earl of March, Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York, Edward III, Edward IV, Edward of Westminster, England, English history, France, Henry Baeufort 3rd Duke of Somerset, Henry Beaufort 3rd Duke of Somerset, Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI, Henry VII, history, House of Lancaster, House of York, Hundred Years War, In English, John of Gaunt 1st Duke of Lancaster, Lionel of Antwerp Duke of Clarence, Margaret of Anjou, Richard 3rd Duke of York, Richard 3th Duke of York, Richard II, Richard III, Richard Neville 16th Earl of Warwick the Kingmaker, Richard Neville 5th Earl of Salisbury, Roger Mortimer 4th Earl of March, The Black Prince, The Wars of the Roses, Thomas of Woodstock, Wars of the Roses

· 10:07 pm

The Wars of the Roses/[Murreyandblue/WordPress.com]/Duke Richard of York (1), the man who would be king

DUKE RICHARD OF YORK (1), THE MAN WHO WOULD BE KING

On the 10^th of October 1460, Richard Plantagenet 3^rd duke of York walked into Westminster Hall wearing the full arms of England undifferenced. After a moment, he put his hand on the empty throne. When asked if he wished to see the king, he replied “I know of no one in the realm who would not more fitly come to me than I to him”. With those words, he declared to all those present that duke Richard had finally renounced his allegiance to king Henry VI and claimed the English crown by right of strict inheritance. York’s motive has puzzled historians ever since. Was it really his ‘natural disposition’ to champion the public interest, or was it the notion that he was the rightful king all along that stirred his ambition? This is the first of three essays in which I hope to explore that question from a personal perspective. I should add for the avoidance of doubt, that I have no intention of considering the validity duke Richard’s title: that is for another time. Neither is this a potted biography; I have included a few details of what I believe are some relevant friction points in his life for purely contextual reasons.

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Getagd als Anne Mortimer, Edmund Beaufort 2nd Duke of Somerset, Edmund Mortimer 5th Earl of March, Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York, Edward II, Edward III, Edward of Westminster, England, English history, France, Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI, Henry VII, history, House of Lancaster, House of York, Humphrey of Gloucester, Hundred Years War, In English, John of Gaunt 1st Duke of Lancaster, Lionel of Antwerp Duke of Clarence, Margaret of Anjou, Richard 3rd Duke of York, Richard 3th Duke of York, Richard II, Richard III, Richard Neville 16th Earl of Warwick the Kingmaker, Richard Neville 5th Earl of Salisbury, Roger Mortimer 4th Earl of March, The Black Prince, The Wars of the Roses, Thomas of Woodstock, Wars of the Roses

maart 28, 2015 · 4:17 pm

The Wars of the Roses/[Rusell Butcher]/Propaganda in the prepared parliamentary speeches of 1455-1461

PROPAGANDA IN THE PREPARED PARLIAMENTARY SPEECHES

OF 1455-1461

RUSELL BUTCHER

Propaganda, perceived by many as a twentieth-century phenomenon, has permeated recorded history. The mass propaganda of the world wars and cold war linger most in present memory, due not only to its chronological proximity, but also its potency. Earlier uses of propaganda can easily be overshadowed, in many cases considered mere bias. Yet it has always existed, and in England developed particularly in the years from 1455 to 1485, which saw a growth in the awareness for the need of propaganda to stabilise or undermine the regime in power. Many historians have made reference to propaganda in the prepared speeches in the parliamentary records for 1455-61, but few have scrutinised them as a whole as I intend to do here.

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Getagd als Act of Accord, Anne Mortimer, Edmund Beaufort 2nd Duke of Somerset, Edmund Mortimer 5th Earl of March, Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York, Edmund of Lanley 1, Edward III, Edward IV, Edward of Westminster, English history, Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI, Henry VII, history, House of Lancaster, House of York, Hundred Years War, In English, John of Gaunt 1st Duke of Lancaster, Lionel of Antwerp Duke of Clarence, Margaret of Anjou, Richard 3th Duke of York, Richard Duke of York, Richard II, Richard III, Richard Neville 16th Earl of Warwick the Kingmaker, Richard Neville 5th Earl of Salisbury, Richard of Conisburgh, Richard of Conisburgh 3rd Earl of Cambridge, Roger Mortimer 4th Earl of March, Southampton Plot, The Black Prince, The Wars of the Roses, Thomas of Woodstock, Wars of the Roses

Categorie archief: Divers

[Article Peter Storm]/Dear Cheerleaders, we need to have a chat about imperialism

Gerechtshof: Vluchtgarage mag worden ontruimd/Een nieuw dieptepunt in de behandeling van vluchtelingen

Gerechtshof: ”Vluchtgarage mag worden ontruimd”/Een nieuw dieptepunt in de behandeling van vluchtelingen/Reactie op AT5

Bijlmerboxbaby’s/Arrogante, racistische en minderwaardige column

The Wars of the Roses/Manifesto of Margaret of Anjou to the citizens of London in 1461/Letter to Susan Higginbotham

The Wars of the Roses/Enmity between Margaret of Anjou and Richard, Duke of York/After the battle of Wakefield/Manifesto of Margaret of Anjou to the citizens of London in 1461

The Wars of the Roses/[Murreyandblue/WordPress.com]/Duke Richard the 3rd Duke of York (3), heir to the throne

The Wars of the Roses/[Murreyandblue/WordPress.com]/Duke Richard the 3rd Duke of York ”……..the King’s true liegeman……?”

The Wars of the Roses/[Murreyandblue/WordPress.com]/Duke Richard of York (1), the man who would be king

The Wars of the Roses/[Rusell Butcher]/Propaganda in the prepared parliamentary speeches of 1455-1461

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