[11]
ARTICLE 14, UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS
”1. Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution.”
http://hrlibrary.umn.edu/instree/b1udhr.htm
[12]
”The right to asylum shall be guaranteed with due respect for the rules of the Geneva Convention of 28 July 1951 and the Protocol of 31 January 1967 relating to the status of refugees and in accordance with the Treaty establishing the European Community.”
ARTIKEL 18, CHARTER OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
https://www.europarl.europa.eu/charter/pdf/text_en.pdf
[13]
”Volgens Poolse media probeerden groepen mensen op meer dan vijftig plekken door het hek te breken, meestal zonder succes. De enkele tientallen die het wel lukte, werden even verderop in hun kraag gevat en zonder pardon weer aan de andere kant van het prikkeldraad gekieperd.”
TROUW
POLEN WIL HULP VAN IEDEREEN BIJ HET BESTRIJDEN VAN DE CRISIS AAN ZIJN GRENS-BELAVE VAN DE EU
16 NOVEMBER 2021https://www.trouw.nl/buitenland/polen-wil-hulp-van-iedereen-bij-het-bestrijden-van-de-crisis-aan-zijn-grens-behalve-van-de-eu~beca8eb9/
ZIE VOOR GEHELE TEKST, NOOT 26
UIT ARTIKELAAN DE GRENS TUSSEN WIT-RUSLAND EN POLEN/DE EU IN HAAR NAAKTEONMENSELIJKHEIDASTRID ESSED27 NOVEMBER 2021
https://www.astridessed.nl/aan-de-grens-tussen-wit-rusland-en-polen-de-eu-in-haar-naakte-onmenselijkheid/
OF
BERLIJN – „Het recht op asiel aan de EU-buitengrens is dood. Kijk wat er gebeurt in Polen en Hongarije, aan de Middellandse Zee in Griekenland en Libië. Daar heb je illegale push-backs, waartegen niemand in de EU zich verzet.” Deze harde conclusie trekt Gerald Knaus, de architect van de Europese migratie-deal met Turkije in 2015.
TELEGRAAFHET RECHT OP ASIEL IN EU IS NU DOOD20 NOVEMBER 2021
https://www.telegraaf.nl/nieuws/1784799211/het-recht-op-asiel-in-eu-is-nu-dood
ZIE VOOR GEHELE TEKST. NOOT 5
[14]
Right to asylum The right to asylum shall be guaranteed with due respect for the rules of the Geneva Convention of 28 July 1951 and the Protocol of 31 January 1967 relating to the status of refugees and in accordance with the Treaty establishing the European Community.
ARTICLE 18
CHARTER OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
https://www.europarl.europa.eu/charter/pdf/text_en.pdf
[15]
The use of violence during a pushback may amount to ill-treatment, prohibited under article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), and article 4 of the Charter.
HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH RAPPORT”DIE HERE OR GO TO POLAND” BELARUS’ AND POLAND’S SHARED RESPONSIBILITY FOR BORDER ABUSES
ONDER KOPJE”POLISH LEGISLATION & VIOLATIONS OF EU LAW”
https://www.hrw.org/report/2021/11/24/die-here-or-go-poland/belarus-and-polands-shared-responsibility-border-abuses
”Volgens Poolse media probeerden groepen mensen op meer dan vijftig plekken door het hek te breken, meestal zonder succes. De enkele tientallen die het wel lukte, werden even verderop in hun kraag gevat en zonder pardon weer aan de andere kant van het prikkeldraad gekieperd.”
TROUW
POLEN WIL HULP VAN IEDEREEN BIJ HET BESTRIJDEN VAN DE CRISIS AAN ZIJN GRENS-BELAVE VAN DE EU
16 NOVEMBER 2021https://www.trouw.nl/buitenland/polen-wil-hulp-van-iedereen-bij-het-bestrijden-van-de-crisis-aan-zijn-grens-behalve-van-de-eu~beca8eb9/
ZIE VOOR GEHELE TEKST, NOOT 26
UIT ARTIKELAAN DE GRENS TUSSEN WIT-RUSLAND EN POLEN/DE EU IN HAAR NAAKTEONMENSELIJKHEIDASTRID ESSED27 NOVEMBER 2021
https://www.astridessed.nl/aan-de-grens-tussen-wit-rusland-en-polen-de-eu-in-haar-naakte-onmenselijkheid/
OF
[16]
Prohibition of torture and inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
No one shall be subjected to torture or to inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
ARTIKEL 4, CHARTER OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
https://www.europarl.europa.eu/charter/pdf/text_en.pdf
[17]
Protection in the event of removal, expulsion or extradition
”1. Collective expulsions are prohibited. 2. No one may be removed, expelled or extradited to a State where there is a serious risk that he or she would be subjected to the death penalty, torture or other inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.”
ARTIKEL 19, Charter of Fundamental Rights
https://www.europarl.europa.eu/charter/pdf/text_en.pdf
[18]
‘Notwithstanding any changes to Polish law, Poland’s pushbacks without due process violate EU law including the Charter of Fundamental Rights.[25] The Charter guarantees the right to asylum and standard international refugee law practice, under which any expression of intent to seek asylum should promptly be forwarded to the competent authorities for assessment based on the person’s individual grounds for seeking asylum.[26]
The use of violence during a pushback may amount to ill-treatment, prohibited under article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), and article 4 of the Charter.[27] The ECHR in article 3 and the Charter in article 19 also prohibit the expulsion of any person to a place where they face a serious risk of torture or other prohibited ill- treatment.
Polish pushback practices are also in violation of article 19 of the Charter and Protocol 4 of the ECHR, which both state unequivocally that collective or mass expulsions of aliens are prohibited.[28] The European Court of Human Rights has defined collective expulsions as “any measure compelling aliens, as a group, to leave a country, except where such a measure is taken on the basis of a reasonable and objective examination of the particular case of each individual alien of the group.”[29]”HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH RAPPORT”DIE HERE OR GO TO POLAND” BELARUS’ AND POLAND’S SHARED RESPONSIBILITY FOR BORDER ABUSES
ONDER KOPJE”POLISH LEGISLATION & VIOLATIONS OF EU LAW”
https://www.hrw.org/report/2021/11/24/die-here-or-go-poland/belarus-and-polands-shared-responsibility-border-abuses
[19]
AAN DE GRENS TUSSEN WIT-RUSLAND EN POLEN/DE EU IN HAAR NAAKTEONMENSELIJKHEIDASTRID ESSED27 NOVEMBER 2021
https://www.astridessed.nl/aan-de-grens-tussen-wit-rusland-en-polen-de-eu-in-haar-naakte-onmenselijkheid/
OF
OF
[20]
UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS
[21]
HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH RAPPORT”DIE HERE OR GO TO POLAND” BELARUS’ AND POLAND’S SHARED
https://www.hrw.org/report/2021/11/24/die-here-or-go-poland/belarus-and-polands-shared-responsibility-border-abuses
[22]
”Poland’s government has introduced problematic legislation to limit access to asylum procedures. First, in August, the Polish Parliament passed an amendment to the regulation on temporary suspension or restriction of border traffic at certain border crossings with the effect that persons who are not authorized to enter Poland are instructed to leave the territory immediately and returned to the state border line.[22]
Second, in October, the Polish Parliament passed an amendment to the Act of Foreigners that effectively gives legal cover for pushbacks.[23] The amendment introduces a provision that mandates issuing orders of illegal entry. These orders are to be issued when a migrant is apprehended immediately after crossing the external border of the EU in an irregular manner. The provision enables the summary expulsion of migrants from Poland, even if they apply for international protection. The law does not require authorities to examine applications for international protection submitted by migrants apprehended immediately after irregularly crossing EU’s external border.”HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH RAPPORT”DIE HERE OR GO TO POLAND” BELARUS’ AND POLAND’S SHARED RESPONSIBILITY FOR BORDER ABUSES
ONDER KOPJE”POLISH LEGISLATION & VIOLATIONS OF EU LAW”
https://www.hrw.org/report/2021/11/24/die-here-or-go-poland/belarus-and-polands-shared-responsibility-border-abuses