43 JAAR DECEMBERMOORDEN/VERGEET ZE NOOIT!

Image result for 15 brandende kaarsen/Foto's

EEN BRANDENDE KAARS VOOR DE SLACHTOFFERSVAN DE DECEMBERMOORDEN/OM NIET TE VERGETEN

43 JAAR DECEMBERMOORDEN/VERGEET ZE NOOIT!
”Werkend houden w’in gedachtenRecht en waarheid maken vrij”
Surinaams Volkslied
Op 8 December 2025, was het 43 Jaar geleden, dat vijftientegenstanders van het militaire regime Bouterse, standrechtelijk zijngeexecuteerd, na eerst te zijn gefolterd. [1]

Een Schok ging door de Surinaamse samenleving en door Nederland, dat de ontwikkelingshulp aan Suriname opschortte. [2]

Een groffe misdaad, een standrechtelijke executie, misdrijven tegende menselijkheid. [3]
Een groot Trauma voor de Surinaamse bevolking.

De Surinaamse Gemeenschap is klein:

Iedereen kent wel een van de slachtoffers, of familieleden

Is zelf familie, heeft bij een der slachtoffers op school gezeten of heeft familieleden, die bij hen op school gezeten heeft.

Ga zo maar door.
Maar hoe is het nu zo gekomen, dat in een relatief vreedzame samenleving, een dergelijke Gruwel heeft kunnen plaatsvinden?

Een Terugblik:

Reis met mij terug in de Tijd, om te zien. hoe het allemaal is gekomen…..

En al lezende, zult u zien, dat er naast deze standrechtelijke executies, die ieder jaar worden herdacht, veel meer misdaden zijn gepleegd

Kom mee naar the House of Horror……

BEGIN VAN EEN HORROR STORY…

MISDADEN

EEN OVERZICHT:

Een terugblik op een aantal  mensenrechtenschendingen en oorlogsmisdaden [wie weet, wat er in de toekomst nog meer aan het licht komt….], waaraan  [nu president] D. Bouterse zich in zijn hoedanigheid als lid van de Nationale Militaire Raad [4], bevelhebber van het Surinaamse leger [5]en voormalig dictator schuldig gemaakt heeft, samen met de kliek om hem heen:

MILITAIRE COUP

Na het plegen van de militaire coup op 25 februari 1980 door zestien militairen, waaronder Bouterse De Groep van Zestien [6] werd de Nationale Militaire Raad geinstalleerd [7], waar Bouterse een belangrijk lid van was.

Op 15 maart 1980 werd een burgerregering gevormd, waarvan medisch specialist Henk Chin A Sen premier werd.Kort daarna echter werd een Wet aangenomen, die de macht van het parlement beperkte ten gunste van de regering, waarmee de democratische rechten steeds meer werden ingeperkt [8]

Er zouden trouwens pas weer vrije verkiezingen komen in 1987, met als resultaat de eerste democratisch gekozen regering sinds de militaire coup in 1980.

MENSENRECHTENSCHENDINGEN BOUTERSE

VOOR DE DECEMBERMOORDEN:

Voor de decembermoorden hebben Bouterse en de politiek-militair

verantwoordelijken zich ook schuldig gemaakt aan ernstige mensenrechten

schendingen

Bouterse:

Onder zijn verantwoordelijkheid als lid van de Nationale Militaire Raad en

vanaf juli 1980 bevelhebber van het leger vallen, arrestaties op vage gronden

en de slechte detentieomstandigheden/mishandelingen van arrestanten onder

detentieomstandigheden onder voormalige politicide zogenaamde oude politiek en ”dissidente” militairen [9]

MENSENRECHTENSCHENDINGEN BOUTERSE:

STANDRECHTELIJKE EXECUTIE HAWKER

DECEMBERMOORDEN

ONOPGEHELDERDE DOOD HORB

MASSASLACHTING MOIWANA

BETROKKENHEID BIJ DRUGSHANDEL

De mensenrechtenschendingen betreffen NIET alleen de decembermoorden

Ook andere misdaden hebben plaatsgehad onder verantwoordelijkheid van Bouterse

A

Standrechtelijke executie van Sergeant Majoor Hawker

In maart 1982 vond een mislukte coup plaats onder leiding van Hawker en Rambocus

Enkele dagen later werd de gewonde Hawker op zijn brancard, voor het oog

van de wereld, standrechtelijk geexecuteerd [10]

Volgens de Geneefse Conventies, het Internationaal Humanitair Oorlogsrecht en de Internationale Mensenrechtenverdragen is een standrechtelijke executie een oorlogsmisdaad

B

Standrechtelijke executie 15 critici van het militair regime

De decembermoorden

In de nacht van 8/9 december werden 15 critici van het militaire regime in Fort

Zeelandia standrechtelijk geexecuteerd, na ernstige folteringen [11]

Het officiele verhaaltje, dat zij ”op de vlucht waren neergeschoten”, werd al gauw ontkracht.

C

Onopgehelderde dood Horb

Op 30 januari 1982 werd de na de decembermoorden in ongenade gevallen tweede

man van Bouterse, Majoor Horb, gearresteerd op verdenking van het ondermijnen van de Staatsveiligheid

Enkele dagen later wordt hij dood in zijn cel aangetroffen

Hij zou zich aan het koord van zijn sportbroek hebben opgehangen

Er ontstaan vrijwel direct twijfels over de doodsoorzaak, die nooit is

opgehelderd [12]

D

Moiwana/Massaslachting

In het gewapende conflict tussen Bouterse en de leider van het zgn Jungle

Commando, Brunswijk van 1986 tot 1992, zijn aan beide zijden [13] een groot aantal mensenrechtenschendingen

en oorlogsmisdaden gepleegd

De beruchtste is de door het Nationaal Leger onder leiding van Bouterse aangerichte massaslachting

onder de bewoners van Moiwana, een dorp in het binnenland van Suriname,

van wie tientallen werden gedood [14]

Het Inter Amerikaans Hof voor de Mensenrechten veroordeelde Suriname

in 2005 voor de massamoord [15]

Zowel de Decembermoorden als de massaslachting in

Moiwana zijn gekwalificeerd als misdaden tegen de menselijkheid. [16]

E

Drugshandel

En als klap op de vuurpeil is hij door Nederland bij verstek veroordeeld tot

11 jaar gevangenisstraf vanwege drugshandel [17]

Wikileaks onthulde bovendien, dat Bouterse nog tot 2006 actief zou zijn

geweest in de drugshandel [18]

Met dank aan Bouterse is drugsverslaving en de daaraan gerelateerde criminaliteit nu een groot probleem in SurinameNog los van alle slachtoffers, die zijn aandeel in de drugshandel ook buiten Suriname heeft gemaakt.

VERRAAD!!

DICTATOREN EN HUN HELPERS

SANDEW HIRA, ADVOCAAT VAN STRAFFELOOSHEID VAN OORLOGSMISDADEN EN MISDADEN

TEGEN DE MENSELIJKHEID

Dat de hoofdverdachte in het Decembermoordenproces [19],president D Bouterse, op allerlei manieren heeft getracht, de rechtsgangte frustreren, was gezien zijn evil track record te verwachten.

Hij heeft het geprobeerd via de zogenaamde ”amnestiewet” [20] en toendat niet afdoende bleek [21], door te trachten in te grijpen in het rechtsprocesmet verwijzing naar de Staatsveiligheid [22].

Veel heeft hem dat niet opgeleverd, want het proces gaat-althansvoorlopig- [weet ik veel, wat D.B. en aanhang later weer bedenken-door. [23]

Er is tegen zes verdachten in het Decemberproces, waaronder Bouterse,zelfs 20 jaar gevangenisstraf geeeist! [24]

Goed!Maar what about een nabestaande van een van de Decemberslachtoffers,die straffeloosheid voor de verdachten van moord en foltering heeft bepleit?

Als iemand mij voor 2015, toen this HUGH BETRAYAL plaatsvond,had verteld, dat een broer van een van de slachtoffers van de Decembermoordenzou proberen, Bouterse voor een rechtszaak te behoeden en zelfs met hemop een boomstronk in de buurt van zijn buitenhuis, Brokobaka, zou gaanzitten keuvelen [25], zou ik diegene voor gek hebben verklaard!

En toch is het een feit:Dew Baboeram, beter bekend als Sandew Hira, de broer van 8 December slachtofferde advocaat John Baboeram [26] heeft in 2015 via een ”brief aan presidentBouterse” [27] met president D Bouterse aangepapt met maar een doel:Een rechtszaak tegen hem frustreren via zijn zogenaamde ”Getuigenisprojectpresident Bouterse. [28]Het begon dus allemaal met Hira’s ”Open Brief aan president Bouterse [29],waarin deze werd opgeroepen,  ”getuigenis” af te leggen van alle[ik citeer Hira] ”gebeurtenissen waarbij u betrokken bent geweest en waarbij geweld een bepalende factor is geweest” [30]

Zonder juridische consequenties, vandaar mijn term ”straffeloosheidsproject”.Vervolgens, ter promoting van zijn straffeloosheidsproject, ging Hira de wereld  lastigvallen met ellenlange ”persconferenties” [31],als ware het ”Koninklijke Proclamaties” [32] en Hira een absoluut vorst. [33]

Met als voor mij bizar dieptepunt:

De persconferentie van 8 December 2016, herdenkingsdag van de slachtoffers van de Decembermoorden [34], waaronder Hira’s eigen broer, John Baboeram. [35]

Dat Hira bij een aangekondigde ontmoeting met president en ex dictatorD. Bouterse, voorafgaande aan zijn interview, gezellig een boswandeling gingmaken en een biertje dronk op een boomstronk [36], is natuurlijk zijn eigen keuze en zaak.

Ware het niet, dat hij zijn straffeloosheidsproject aan het Surinaamse volkopdringt, hij groepen nabestaanden tegen elkaar uitspeelt en met modder gooit naarnaar diegenen, die WEL ijveren voor berechting van [oorlogs] misdadenen misdaden tegen de menselijkheid [37], waaronder [het kan niet genoeg gezegd]Hira’s eigen broer, John Baboeram. [38]

Om tenslotte het ultieme verraad [ik ben boos!] te plegen doorondanks alle aantoonbare bewijzen van het tegendeel [39]de oude leugen van Bouterse en consorten over ”coupplannen”[40] op te rakelen en zijn eigen broer te beschuldigen,dat deze betrokken zou zijn geweest bij de door Bouterse enHira gelogen ”tegencoup” [41]

En waarop baseert Hira deze ”wijsheden”?Op grond van wat ”mensen” tegen hem zeidenIk citeer Hira [bron: De Ware Tijd Online]”

Het is pijnlijk om dat te horen van mensen, die erbij waren, dat hij erbij zat” [42] Lekker wetenschappelijk…

En dan rest MIJ de vraag, wie ”die mensen” dan wel niet warenWant volgens mij waren dat alleen de aanwezige beulen en hun handlangers.

Maar dat daargelaten:

Ook al ZOU Hira’s bewering[tegen alle bewijzen in!] waar zijn, rechtvaardigt datdan buitengerechtelijke executies, foltering en moord?

Ga je er dan voor ijveren, dat de beulen van ongewapende mensen,van je eigen broer, NIET voor de rechter komen?

Het is ongehoord.

Zie de felle kritiek op Hira door deskundige en Bouterse criticus van het eerste uur, Theo Para. [43]Ook ik heb ik hem bekritiseerd in eerdere stukken. [44]

Echt pijnlijk voor Hira is geweest, dat zijn familie in een verklaringopenlijk afstand van zijn acties heeft genomen.

Zij schrijven onder andere:”“Gefaald in zijn pogingen om respect af te dwingen bij zijn omgeving, is Sandew Hira afgegleden tot spreekbuis van de man aan wiens handen bloed kleeft, ook het bloed van zijn broer” [45]Pijnlijk voor Hira [en de familie], maar het directe gevolg van zijn villeine aanpapperij van de hoofdverantwoordelijke voor de misdaden tijdenszijn regime, de Decembermoorden en andere.Moreel failliet zijn diegenen, die de rechtsgang van de 8 Decembermisdaden frustreren, ex dictatoren en hun consorten uit de wind willen houdenen leugens en verdachtmakingen over anderen, die WEL gerechtigheid nastreven, rondstrooien.

Maar goed, dat is Hira’s zaak en verantwoordelijkheid.

De geschiedenis zal afrekenen met Hira en co. [46]

EINDELIJK GERECHTIGHEID!

Het inschakelen van landverraders als Sandew Hira [47], intimidatie [48] en wat dies meer zij heeft niet geholpen:

WANT OP 29 NOVEMBER 2019 WAS HET ZOVER!

President D Bouterse werddoor de Krijgsraad  veroordeeld tot 20 jaar gevangenisstraf! [49]

Een Dag waarop ik en vele anderen lang hadden gewacht!

Alle respect voor de[vrouwelijke]  rechters, die ondanks intimiderendeomstandigheden hun taak moedig en eervol hebben vervuld en een belangrijke stap hebben gezet naar Suriname als democratische rechtsstaat! [50]

Of D Bouterse ook werkelijk de cel ingaat is nog maar de vraag:Voorlopig is hij in Hoger Beroep gegaan [51] en maakt weer behoorlijk,intimiderend Lawaai [52]

Hoe dan ook:

Op 20 december anno Domini 2023 werd er Uitspraak gedaan in

deze Hoger Beroepszaak en ook daarin werd D. Bouterse veroordeeld

tot 20 jaar gevangenisstraf! [53]

Helaas hadden de rechters niet gevraagd om zijn onmiddellijke arrestatie [54], maar op 12 januari moest hij zich melden bij de gevangenis in

Paramaribo, deed dat niet en was spoorloos [55]

TOTDAT……

Eind December 2024 bericht kwam, dat Bouterse was overleden [56]

Niet gevlucht naar een ver buitenland, zoals ik had vermoed, maar

overleden in een ”schuiladres” in Suriname……[57]

Helaas door niet weinigen gezien als ”volksheld” waartegen ik fel in het geweer ben gekomen……[58]

Hiermee is een Bloedig Hoofdstuk in de geschiedenis van Suriname afgesloten

Maar laten we vervolgen:

LATEN WE HERDENKEN

Maar laten we nu doen waar het allemaal om begonnen was:

Het herdenken van de slachtoffers van de Decembermoorden,die nu in ieder geval juridisch gekregen hebben wat ze verdienen:

Gerechtigheid

Laten we hen herdenken:

JOHN BABOERAM, ADVOCAAT

WIJ GEDENKEN U

BRAM BEHR, JOURNALIST EN STRIJDER VOOR SOCIALE GERECHTIGHEID

WIJ GEDENKEN U

CYRILL DAAL, VOORZITTER VAN VAKBOND MOEDERBOND

WIJ GEDENKEN U

KENNETH CONCALVES, ADVOCAAT EN PRESIDENT VAN DE ORDE VAN ADVOCATEN

WIJ GEDENKEN U

EDDY HOOST, ADVOCAAT

WIJ GEDENKEN U

ANDRE KAMPERVEEN, SPORTMAN, EIGENAAR VAN ABC RADIO, VICEPRESIDENT VAN DE FIFA

WIJ GEDENKEN U

GERARD LECKIE, PSYCHOLOOG EN DECAAN AAN DE UNIVERSITEIT VAN SURINAME

WIJ GEDENKEN U

SUGRIM OEMRAWSINGH, WIS EN NATUURKUNDIGE EN VOORMALIG PARLEMENTSLID

WIJ GEDENKEN U

LESLEY RAHMAN, JOURNALIST EN STRIJDER VOOR SOCIALE GERECHTIGHEID

WIJ GEDENKEN U

SURENDRE RAMBOCUS, MILITAIR, BETROKKEN BIJ DE TEGENCOUP TEGEN D. BOUTERSE

WIJ GEDENKEN U

HAROLD RIEDEWALD, ADVOCAAT

WIJ GEDENKEN U

JIWANSINGH SHEOMBAR, BETROKKEN BIJ DE TEGENCOUP TEGEN D BOUTERSE

WIJ GEDENKEN U

JOSEPH SLAGVEER, JOURNALIST EN DIRECTEUR VAN NIEUWSAGENTSCHAP INFORMA

WIJ GEDENKEN U

ROBBY SOHANSINGH, ONDERNEMER

WIJ GEDENKEN U

FRANK WIJNGAARDE, JOURNALIST EN RADIO OMROEPER BIJ

ABC RADIO

WIJ GEDENKEN U

WIJ ZULLEN U NIET VERGETEN!

VERGEET NOOIT DE DECEMBERMOORDEN!

ASTRID ESSED

NOTEN

NOTEN 1 T/M 46

https://www.astridessed.nl/noten-1-t-m-46-38-jaar-decembermoorden-vergeet-ze-nooit/

NOTEN 47 T/M 52

https://www.astridessed.nl/noten-47-t-m-52-38-jaar-decembermoorden-vergeet-ze-nooit/

NOTEN 53 T/M 55

https://www.astridessed.nl/noten-53-t-m-55-42-jaar-decembermoorden-vergeet-ze-nooit/

NOTEN 56 T/M 58

https://www.astridessed.nl/noten-56-t-m-58-43-jaar-decembermoorden-vergeet-ze-nooit/

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NOTEN 56 T/M 58/43 JAAR DECEMBERMOORDEN/VERGEET ZE NOOIT!

[56]

NOS
SURINAAMSE OUD-PRESIDENT DESI BOUTERSE OVERLEDEN

De Surinaamse oud-president Desi Bouterse is op 79-jarige leeftijd overleden. Dat bevestigt de Surinaamse minister van Buitenlandse Zaken aan de NOS.

Volgens de minister is het lichaam van Bouterse in de Surinaamse hoofdstad Paramaribo. Lokale media melden dat de oud-president is overleden “na een kort ziekbed op een schuiladres”.

De afgelopen uren deden in Suriname al geruchten de ronde dat Bouterse is overleden. Er verzamelden zich mensen bij het kantoor van zijn partij de NDP en ook bij de woning van Bouterse in Paramaribo. De weg daarnaartoe werd afgesloten.

Desi Bouterse was voortvluchtig sinds zijn definitieve veroordeling van ruim een jaar geleden voor zijn rol bij de Decembermoorden. Daarbij werden in 1982 vijftien tegenstanders van het regime-Bouterse gedood in Fort Zeelandia, in Paramaribo.

Toen de Surinaamse justitie een opsporingsbevel uitvaardigde, dook Bouterse onder en sindsdien werd niets meer van hem vernomen. Twee dagen geleden werd er in zijn woning een inval gedaan, maar daarbij werd voor zover bekend niets gevonden.

Bouterse was in de jaren 80 van de vorige eeuw de leider van het militaire regime, dat door een staatsgreep aan de macht kwam. Bouterse gaf leiding aan een groep van onderofficieren die begin 1980 een staatgreep pleegde. Hij bleef tot 1988 aan de macht.

In 2010 kwam hij door democratische verkiezingen opnieuw aan de macht. In 2015 werd hij herkozen. Hij bleef president tot 2020.

Correspondent Latijns-Amerika Nina Jurna

“Desi Bouterse was zowel diep gehaat bij velen als zeer geliefd bij zijn aanhang. Hij verdeelde Suriname tot op het bot. Bouterse drukte zijn stempel op Suriname sinds 1980 toen hij samen met vijftien sergeanten een staatsgreep pleegde en vervolgens een militaire dictatuur vestigde in het toen nog jonge land, dat in 1975 onafhankelijk was geworden.

Een dieptepunt waren de Decembermoorden van 1982 toen onder leiding van Bouterse vijftien critici van zijn bewind werden gemarteld en vermoord.

Nadat Suriname weer een democratie werd, lukte het Bouterse om via zijn politieke partij NDP (Nationale Democratische Partij) een belangrijke rol te blijven spelen. Eerst als parlementslid, later twee termijnen als democratisch gekozen president. De Decembermoorden bleven hem altijd achtervolgen en na een proces van zestien jaar werd Bouterse in 2023 definitief veroordeeld tot 20 jaar celstraf.

De verwachting is dat, net als Bouterse deed bij leven, de reacties op zijn dood Suriname zullen verdelen. Op sociale media posten zijn aanhangers al emotionele berichten. Bij de nabestaanden van de Decembermoorden zal er alles behalve rouw zijn. Wat de uiteindelijke impact zal zijn is nog moeilijk te zeggen. Enerzijds zal het voor velen als bevrijding aanvoelen, voor anderen juist als het grote verlies van een volksleider.”

[57]

Desiré Delano (Desi) Bouterse (Domburg13 oktober 1945 – vermoedelijk in Natuurreservaat Copi,[1] 23 december 2024[2][3]) was een Surinaams legerleider, meervoudig couppleger, dictator en politicus. Hij werd veroordeeld voor internationale drugshandel en als hoofddader van de Decembermoorden.”

WIKIPEDIA

DESI BOUTERSE

https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desi_Bouterse

[58]
PUBLICATIE DOOR DE WARE TIJD/DESI BOUTERSE GEEN ”VOLKSHELD”
ASTRID ESSED
OF

INGEZONDEN

Kort vóór Kerstmis overleed ex-president Desi Bouterse op 79-jarige leeftijd. En vrijwel direct na zijn overlijden kreeg hij door vogels van diverse pluimage een bijna ‘heiligenstatus’ toebedeeld. Zo werd er in De Nationale Assemblee [het Surinaamse parlement] gesproken over Bouterse als “moedige leider”, “grote zoon” en “inspirerend”. Anderen weer zagen hem als “volksheld”, de man, die sociale hervormingen doorvoer en “vocht” voor de armen.

Er werden herdenkingsbijeenkomsten georganiseerd, zowel in Suriname als in Nederland en een niet onaanzienlijk aantal mensen liet hun tranen de vrije loop en memoreerde zijn sociale inzet. Nu was het inderdaad zo dat tijdens de regeerperiode van Bouterse als president een aantal sociale verbeteringen is doorgevoerd, die in een arm land als Suriname zeker verlichting boden, maar er werd onverantwoordelijk met ’s lands financiële middelen omgesprongen, waardoor Bouterse Suriname na twee regeerperioden praktisch bankroet achterliet.

“Vanwege de ‘heiligverklaring’ van Bouterse is dit stuk geschreven. Opdat zijn misdaden en de rampzalige stempel, die hij op Suriname heeft gedrukt, niet worden vergeten”

Daarbij verrijkte hij zichzelf en zijn politieke vrienden enorm, waardoor hij het Surinaamse volk schandalig heeft bestolen. Dat zouden de mensen zich moeten realiseren, nog afgezien van de ellende, die hij over duizenden jongeren heeft gebracht door de openstelling van Suriname voor de drugshandel.

Maar er is meer: Bouterse verscheen op Surinames politieke toneel als leider van de militaire coup op 25 februari 1980, waarmee hij het democratische staatsbestel omverwierp. Na een aanvankelijk vals-vriendelijk gezicht kwamen al snel kwalijke mensenrechtenschendingen:

De dood, na een verdacht politieverhoor van would be tegencouppleger, de Surinaamse ex-KNIL-militair Fred Ormskerk [1980], arrestatie en opsluiting zonder vorm van proces van voormalige politieke leiders, de executie van de gewonde op een brancard liggende tegencouper sergeant majoor Hawker [maart 1982], met als dieptepunt de standrechtelijke executie van vijftien politieke tegenstanders van het militaire regime-Bouterse, de zogenoemde Decembermoorden.

Niet uitvlakken wil ik hier het moedige verpleegstersprotest daags na de Decembermoorden. Ook overleed een voormalig medestander en rechterhand van Bouterse, majoor Horb, onder verdachte omstandigheden in een politiecel [1983].

Bouterse cs vestigden een dictatuur, die zou voortduren tot de eerste verkiezingen in 1987. In de met Brunswijk [leider Jungle Commando] uitgevochten Binnenlandse Oorlog zijn in het marrondorp Moiwana onder verantwoordelijkheid van Bouterse als legerbevelhebber meer dan 39 burgers gedood. Een massaslachting dus.

Na een aantal jaren richtte Desi Bouterse zijn partij de NDP op, maakte zich populair door mooie toespraken en enkele doorgevoerde sociale verbeteringen. Laat niet onverlet, dat Bouterse en co zich schuldig hebben gemaakt aan foltering, diefstal, executies en massamoord; misdaden tegen de menselijkheid.

Vanwege de ‘heiligverklaring’ van Bouterse is dit stuk geschreven. Opdat zijn misdaden en de rampzalige stempel, die hij op Suriname heeft gedrukt, niet worden vergeten.

Astrid Essed

EINDE

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Sinterklaas/Het Poppenhuis

Prachtig Houten Poppenhuis - Zo Goed Als Nieuw!, Kinderen en Baby's, Speelgoed | Poppen, Zo goed als nieuw, Overige typen, Ophalen of Verzenden

SINTERKLAASAVOND/ZOMAAR EEN POPPENHUIS….

HERINNERINGEN AAN SINTERKLAAS/ZOMAAR EEN POPPENHUIS

Over de strijd tegen de racistische karikatuur Zwarte Piet heb ik genoeg gezegd

en geschreven [1], waarbij ik overigens niemand’s fijne herinneringen aan

het Sinterklaasfeest wil wegnemen

Ook zal ik nooit beweren, dat mensen, die Zwarte Piet toch in ere willen

houden, per definitie racisten zouden zijn.

Het VERSCHIJNSEL Zwarte Piet is een racistisch karikatuur [2], maar of

de mensen, die aan Zwarte Piet willen vasthouden, racisten zijn,

hangt af van hun reacties op de protesten tegen Zwarte Piet.

Zijn die racistisch [3], dan is het duidelijk, maar ook mensen,

die niet racistisch zijn [en dat zijn de aanspreekbaren] moeten

zich realiseren, dat zij met de promoting van Zwarte Piet, die langzamerhand

toch wel verdwijnt [4] een racistisch fenomeen in stand houden

Maar daarover wilde ik het vandaag niet hebben

Ik wil, lezers, met jullie een Jeugdherinnering delen:

HERINNERING AAN SINTERKLAAS

Het was weer Sinterklaas en voor mij werd dat [zoals die

Goede Oude Opvoeding voorschreef, waarvan mi best

weer wat mag terugkomen], heel spannend gemaakt:

”Wie zoet is krijgt lekkers en wie stout is….GEEN cadeau van

Sinterklaas”

Dat hield mij [die al ”redelijk braaf” was, maar wel een Spring in’t Veld] af van al te dolle

apestreken, zoals kinderen soms uithalen

Die heerlijke ”vol verwachting klopt ons hart” stemming, volgens

mij kennen hedendaagse kinderen, overspoeld door Internet

en Social Media [nuttige dingen, maar soms wel irritant,

veel te veel bemoeienis met elkaars leven en vaak weinig respect voor elkaar…], dat niet meer

Jammer

Misschien komt het ooit terug

MAAR GOED:

En als Sinterklaas dan op school kwam….spannend hoor

Dat Sinterklaas ook tegelijkertijd bij de kersverse Supermarkt

kwam, deerde ons niet

Daarvoor waren wij veel te onnozel en naief

Dat hoort bij kinderen, vind ik, die tegenwoordig

veel te veel worden lastiggevallen met

problematiek, die ze nog even niet hoeven te weten

Laten ze toch dromen en in Sprookjes geloven!

Maar dat ben ik, die wil, dat kinderen Kind zijn………

In ieder geval:

De Goedheiligman kwam, de cadeautjes kwamen toch wel

en bij mij thuis werd met pepernoten gestrooid en tot

de Dag van Vandaag weet ik niet, wie dat deed

Ik hou het op PakjesPiet!

EN,,,,en dat is die mooie jeudgherinnering:

Daar stond, voor mijn ogen, het mooiste Poppenhuis ter

wereld

En onvergetelijk Moment……

Dat ben ik nooit vergeten

Als ik nu aan het Sinterklaasfeest denk, zal dat altijd

verbonden zijn met dat Poppenhuis

Op die Avond

Helaas….dat Poppenhuis heb ik niet meer

Maar de Herinnering gaat nooit weg

ASTRID ESSED

NOTEN

https://www.astridessed.nl/noten-1-t-m-4-sinterklaasherinnering/

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Trump’s 20-point Gaza Peace Plan/Why it’s wrong

DONALD TRUMP’S 20-POINTS GAZA PEACE PLAN/WHY IT’S WRONG
INTRODUCTION
[THIS IS PURELY AN ASTRID ESSED ANALYSIS OF THE TRUMP 20 POINTS
PROPOSAL, HIS SOCALLED ”GAZA PEACE PLAN”
ALL ACTUAL EVENTS, RENEWED ISRAELI ATTACKS AFTER
THE CEASEFIRE [1AA AND 1BB], AS
NEWS ABOUT THE HOSTAGES AND THEIR RELEASEMENT
BY HAMAS AND THE ISRAELI RESPONSE WILL BE LEFT OUT
OF THIS ARTICLE]
READERS!
After two years war and Israel’s genocide against the Palestinian people
in Gaza [1A], president Trump lanced his ”20 Point Gaza Peace Plan” [2A] ,
and as we speak [17-11-2025] accepted by the UN Security Council! [2AA]
ASTRID ESSED ATTACK
I have something to say about that Trump ”Gaza Peace Plan” and I
will do that LOUD, CLEAR AND FIERCE!
Based on the principe, that every Nation has the right to be free and
the right to fight for that Freedom! [3A]
HOW DO I DO THIS?
I quote from the BBC article ”Trump’s 20-Point Gaza Peace Plan in full” [4A],
that mentions all the 20 points [as the title shows] [5A]
After mentioning a Point, I lance my critical Attack UNDER that point
titled: ASTRID ESSED ATTACK
BELOW THIS INTRODUCTION:
Directly below this Introduction I mention the notes, belonging to this Piece,
from 1AA T/M 6A.
And under my Astrid Essed attack on the 20 points Trump Peace Plan [6A],
the notes, mentioned in my Astrid Essed Attack
ASTRID ESSED
NOTES BY INTRODUCTION
NOTE 1AA
NOTE 1BB
NOTE 1A
NOTE 2A
NOTE 2AA
NOTE 3A
NOTES 4A AND 5A
NOTE 6A
ASTRID ESSED ATTACK ON TRUMP’S 20 POINTS
GAZA PEACE PLAN
[See the BBC article] [1]
POINT 1 TRUMP GAZA PEACE PLAN
1. Gaza will be a deradicalised terror-free zone that does not pose a threat to its neighbours. [2]
ASTRID ESSED ATTACK ON POINT 1
WRONG as that neigbour is called Israel.
Because Israel is no ”neighbouring country” of Gaza,
but an Occupying.
For YES, according to International Law Israel is
still the Occupying Power in Gaza. [3]
There is no such Thing as ”deradicalization” or ”terror”
The only ”Terror” in Gaza comes from Israeli military
attacks and the Gaza Blockade, which is a warcrime since the basic
needs are being denied to the Gazan people.
Years and years this Blockade goes on, different in intensity [4]
Hamas, seen by mostly Western countries as a” terrorist
movement” is a legitimized resistance movement against
the Israeli occupation [5] and a legally elected government. [6]
Although Hamas also uses methods contrary to International
Law like taking hostages, abductions and military attacks on
civilian goals [7] -and must be held accountable for that-
but Hamas still remains a legitimate resistance movement
against the illegal Israeli occupation. [8]
 
 
POINT 2 TRUMP GAZA PEACE PLAN
2. Gaza will be redeveloped for the benefit of the people of Gaza, who have suffered more than enough. [9]
ASTRID ESSED ATTACK ON POINT 2
Trump is right by stating that ”the people of Gaza
have suffered more than enough” [10]
However, Humpie Trumpie does NOT point out
to the real cause of that suffering:
The Israeli Gaza Blockade and the genocidal Israeli attacks
on Gaza from 2023-2025! [11]
Those heinous deeds [The Gaza Blockade and the genocidal
Israeli attacks on  Gaza/addition Astrid Essed] must br named out in the open and Israel must be held accountable according
to International Law Standards.
POINT 3 TRUMP GAZA PEACE PLAN
3. If both sides agree to this proposal, the war will immediately end. Israeli forces will withdraw to the agreed upon line to prepare for a hostage release. During this time, all military operations, including aerial and artillery bombardment, will be suspended, and battle lines will remain frozen until conditions are met for the complete staged withdrawal. [12]
ASTRID ESSED ATTACK ON POINT 3
 
NO MR PRESIDENT!
The Israeli army, responsible for warcrimes and crimes
against humanity [13], must withdraw immediately 
without any fuss!
Further I agree with Trump, that the hostages should 
be released, since holding hostages, especially civilians, 
is a warcrime. [14]
POINT 4 TRUMP GAZA PEACE PLAN
4. Within 72 hours of Israel publicly accepting this agreement, all hostages, alive and deceased, will be returned. [15]
ASTRID ESSED ATTACK ON POINT 4
 
I agree with Trump, that the hostages must be released and return
to Israel, as far as the living are concerned.
But I understand-and agree with-Hamas, that it is not always 
possible to find all remains of the deceased hostages [16]
 
 
POINT 5 TRUMP GAZA PEACE PLAN
5. Once all hostages are released, Israel will release 250 life sentence prisoners plus 1,700 Gazans who were detained after 7 October 2023, including all women and children detained in that context. For every Israeli hostage whose remains are released, Israel will release the remains of 15 deceased Gazans. [17]
ASTRID ESSED ATTACK ON POINT 5
Here Trump does have a point.
BUT:
Israel must release ALL remains of deceased Gazans.
Since Israel has not the Hamas excuse, that they couldn’t
find the location of the remains [18]
POINT 6 TRUMP GAZA PEACE PLAN
6. Once all hostages are returned, Hamas members who commit to peaceful co-existence and to decommission their weapons will be given amnesty. Members of Hamas who wish to leave Gaza will be provided safe passage to receiving countries. [19]
ASTRID ESSED ATTACK ON POINT 6
NO! NO! NO!
Hamas will surrender [give up] NOT ANY SORT OF WEAPON!
To no country or organization!
Hamas is a legitimate resistance movement [20], that will remain
operating as long as the Israeli occupation continues!
The way I see it, Hamas may lay down it’s arms only
on ONE condition:
When the Israeli army also lays down it’s weapons!
POINT 7 TRUMP GAZA PEACE PLAN
7. Upon acceptance of this agreement, full aid will be immediately sent into the Gaza Strip. At a minimum, aid quantities will be consistent with what was included in the 19 January 2025 agreement regarding humanitarian aid, including rehabilitation of infrastructure (water, electricity, sewage), rehabilitation of hospitals and bakeries, and entry of necessary equipment to remove rubble and open roads. [21]
ASTRID ESSED ATTACK ON POINT 7
Of course this Point is to scandalous and ridiculous for
words, since aid supplies must have always free access, according
to International Law Standards!
Starvation of the civilian population as a method of  warfare, as in Gaza [22], is not only inhuman. It is forbidden! [23]
POINT 8 TRUMP GAZA PEACE PLAN
8. Entry of distribution and aid in the Gaza Strip will proceed without interference from the two parties through the United Nations and its agencies, and the Red Crescent, in addition to other international institutions not associated in any manner with either party. Opening the Rafah crossing in both directions will be subject to the same mechanism implemented under 19 January 2025 agreement. [24]
ASTRID ESSED ATTACK ON POINT 8
I agree with this Trump Proposal
 
 
POINT 9 TRUMP GAZA PEACE PLAN
9. Gaza will be governed under the temporary transitional governance of a technocratic, apolitical Palestinian committee, responsible for delivering the day-to-day running of public services and municipalities for the people in Gaza. This committee will be made up of qualified Palestinians and international experts, with oversight and supervision by a new international transitional body, the “Board of Peace,” which will be headed and chaired by President Donald J. Trump, with other members and heads of state to be announced, including Former Prime Minister Tony Blair. This body will set the framework and handle the funding for the redevelopment of Gaza until such time as the Palestinian Authority has completed its reform programme, as outlined in various proposals, including President Trump’s peace plan in 2020 and the Saudi-French proposal, and can securely and effectively take back control of Gaza. This body will call on best international standards to create modern and efficient governance that serves the people of Gaza and is conducive to attracting investment. [25]
ASTRID ESSED ATTACK ON POINT 9
NO! NO! NO!
Hamas is and remains the legitimate government in Gaza,
upholding the principles of International Law!
If Hamas doesn’t govern Gaza anymore, then also
not the present Israeli government, that is, by the way,
responsible for Genocide in Gaza! [26]
POINT 10 TRUMP GAZA PEACE PLAN
10. A Trump economic development plan to rebuild and energise Gaza will be created by convening a panel of experts who have helped birth some of the thriving modern miracle cities in the Middle East. Many thoughtful investment proposals and exciting development ideas have been crafted by well-meaning international groups, and will be considered to synthesize the security and governance frameworks to attract and facilitate these investments that will create jobs, opportunity, and hope for future Gaza. [27]
ASTRID ESSED ATTACK ON POINT 10
If Trump will contribute to the rebuilding of Gaza, it’s
fine with me.
HOWEVER:
It’s ISRAEL, that destroyed Gaza, so it is primary
ISRAEL, that is responsible for the rebuilding
of Gaza!
THE DESTROYER PAYS AND MUST BE HELD
ACCOUNTABLE!
AND the countries that are complicit in Israel’s genocide
[for example by supplying weapons to Israel]
POINT 11 TRUMP GAZA PEACE PLAN

11. A special economic zone will be established with preferred tariff and access rates to be negotiated with participating countries.

[28]

ASTRID ESSED ATTACK ON POINT 11
I disagree with you, mr President!
Why?
Because it is a neo-colonial and patronizing idea.
If Trump proposes a ”special economic zone” for Gaza,
then negociations should be opened with Gaza’s
legitimate representatives.
And that, mr President, is Hamas, until the Gazan people
decide otherwise, WITHOUT FOREIGN PRESSURE!
POINT 12 TRUMP GAZA PEACE PLAN
12. No one will be forced to leave Gaza, and those who wish to leave will be free to do so and free to return. We will encourage people to stay and offer them the opportunity to build a better Gaza. [29]
ASTRID ESSED ATTACK ON POINT 12
So no ethnic cleansings.
That seems obvious to me, sibce ethnic cleansings
are crimes against humanity. [30]
Although a kind of funny, that Trump does
this Proposal, since not SOOO long ago it
was Trump himself, pleading ethnic cleansings with
his socalled ”Gaza Riviera Plan……..” [31]
POINT 13 TRUMP GAZA PEACE PLAN
13. Hamas and other factions agree to not have any role in the governance of Gaza, directly, indirectly, or in any form. All military, terror, and offensive infrastructure, including tunnels and weapon production facilities, will be destroyed and not rebuilt. There will be a process of demilitarisation of Gaza under the supervision of independent monitors, which will include placing weapons permanently beyond use through an agreed process of decommissioning, and supported by an internationally funded buy back and reintegration programme all verified by the independent monitors. New Gaza will be fully committed to building a prosperous economy and to peaceful coexistence with their neighbours. [32]
ASTRID ESSED ATTACK ON POINT 13
MADNESS!
Not only it is utter nonsense, to negociate but two
parties about peace and doing a proposal to eliminate
one of the parties completely [and expecting, that that
party will agree!], moreover [and it can’t be said enough!],
Hamas is a legitimate resistance movement against the
Israeli occupation, certainly as long as that occupation is not
ended! [33]
And more:
Fine with me, if Trump wants there is demilitarization in Gaza, but then that also applies to the army of the Israeli occupation Power!
 
 
 
POINT 14 TRUMP GAZA PEACE PLAN
14. A guarantee will be provided by regional partners to ensure that Hamas, and the factions, comply with their obligations and that New Gaza poses no threat to its neighbours or its people. [34]
ASTRID ESSED ATTACK ON POINT 14
Assuming that Hamas agrees with the more sensible points
of the Trump 20 points Plan [35]
What governments and institutions will provide the guarantee,
that Israel complies with the agreed agreements?
Like a ceasefire, since Israel even violated the ceasefire it had
closed itself with Hamas! [36]
POINT 15 TRUMP GAZA PEACE PLAN
15. The United States will work with Arab and international partners to develop a temporary International Stabilisation Force (ISF) to immediately deploy in Gaza. The ISF will train and provide support to vetted Palestinian police forces in Gaza, and will consult with Jordan and Egypt who have extensive experience in this field. This force will be the long-term internal security solution. The ISF will work with Israel and Egypt to help secure border areas, along with newly trained Palestinian police forces. It is critical to prevent munitions from entering Gaza and to facilitate the rapid and secure flow of goods to rebuild and revitalize Gaza. A deconfliction mechanism will be agreed upon by the parties. [37]
ASTRID ESSED ATTACK ON POINT 15
BAD IDEA AND NEO-COLONIALIST!
Why Neo-colonialist?
Because the Palestinian people is totally sidelined
and ignored!
Ridiculous, out of balance and unfair!
Unfair, because in this Trump Plan [38] one of the warfaring parties, Israel  [the Trump Peace
Plan is after all a negociation Plan between Israel and resistance
movement Hamas, political representive of the Palestinian
people! [39], the Occupying Power, would have a say in helping secure border areas.
RIDICULOUS!
POINT 16 TRUMP GAZA PEACE PLAN
16. Israel will not occupy or annex Gaza. As the ISF establishes control and stability, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) will withdraw based on standards, milestones, and timeframes linked to demilitarization that will be agreed upon between the IDF, ISF, the guarantors, and the United States, with the objective of a secure Gaza that no longer poses a threat to Israel, Egypt, or its citizens. Practically, the IDF will progressively hand over the Gaza territory it occupies to the ISF according to an agreement they will make with the transitional authority until they are withdrawn completely from Gaza, save for a security perimeter presence that will remain until Gaza is properly secure from any resurgent terror threat. [40]
ASTRID ESSED ATTACK ON POINT 16
The only reasonable Point here is ”Israel will not occupy or annex Gaza.” [41]
HOWEVER:
This Statement from Point 16 doesn’t do justice to the
political reality and the reality by International Law.
Because whether Israel is withdrawing from Gaza or
not [and of course they must withdraw from Gaza immediately!],
according to International Law Israel still is the Occupying
Power in Gaza! [42]
 
 
POINT 17 TRUMP GAZA PEACE PLAN
17. In the event Hamas delays or rejects this proposal, the above, including the scaled-up aid operation, will proceed in the terror-free areas handed over from the IDF to the ISF. [43]
ASTRID ESSED ATTACK ON POINT 17
SINK IT IN O READERS
”……the above, including the scaled-up aid operation, will proceed in the terror-free areas handed over from the IDF to the ISF.” [44]
So if Hamas doesn’t agree with this Trump Gaza ”Peace” Plan [45],
humanitarian aid will be DENIED to the areas, controlled\by Hamas………….
This is DISGUSTING,  ABUSE OF POWER AND
A COLLECTIVE PUNISHMENT OF THE CIVILIAN
POPULATION!  [46]
And in case Mr President Trump has forgotten:
Starvation as method of warfare is not only inhuman.
It is also a warcrime! [47]
POINT 18 TRUMP GAZA PEACE PLAN
18. An interfaith dialogue process will be established based on the values of tolerance and peaceful co-existence to try and change mindsets and narratives of Palestinians and Israelis by emphasizing the benefits that can be derived from peace.  [48]
ASTRID ESSED ATTACK ON POINT 18
Beautiful words mr President, but this Conflict has
nothing to do with religion or individual Israeli’s or
Palestinians and you know it!
This Conflict is about occupation and colonization. [49]
And as long as the occupation is not ended and justice is not
done [50], there can’t be a real, true peace.
NO JUSTICE, NO PEACE!
POINT 19 TRUMP GAZA PEACE PLAN
19. While Gaza re-development advances and when the PA reform programme is faithfully carried out, the conditions may finally be in place for a credible pathway to Palestinian self-determination and statehood, which we recognise as the aspiration of the Palestinian people. [51]
ASTRID ESSED ATTACK ON POINT 19
NO Mr President!
No ”conditions for a credible pathway to Palestinian self-determination and statehood” [52].
THE PALESTINIANS HAVE THEIR RIGHT TO SELFDETERMINATION!
HISTORICALLY, MORALLY
AND BY UN RESOLUTIONS!
It is ISRAEL, that is founded in historical Palestine, not
the other way around.
 
 
POINT 20 TRUMP GAZA PEACE PLAN
20. The United States will establish a dialogue between Israel and the Palestinians to agree on a political horizon for peaceful and prosperous co-existence. [53]
ASTRID ESSED ATTACK ON POINT 20
NO!
Certainly NOT the United States!
The USA are and always have  been fanatically pro-Israel
and have always supported Israel politically, military and
financially, also in this genocidal Gaza War! [54] and is 
far from neutral! [55]
 
THIS IS WHAT NEEDS TO HAPPEN!
 
END TO THE ISRAELI OCCUPATION OF
THE PALESTINIAN TERRITORIES!
 
DISMANTLING OF ALL ISRAELI
SETTLEMENTS IN OCCUPIED PALESTINIAAN
TERRITORIES!
 
ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF THE PALESTIAN RIGHT OF RETURN! [56]
DOWN WITH THAT TRUMP 20 POINTS ”GAZA PEACE PLAN”!
ASTRID ESSED
NOTES
NOTES 11 T/M 21
NOTES 22 T/M 31
NOTES 32 T/M 42
NOTES 43 T/M 52
NOTES 53 T/M 56

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NOTE 56/RESIST!

[56]
INSTITUTE FOR MIDDLE EAST UNDERSTANDING
FACT SHEET: PALESTINIAN REFUGEES & THE RIGHT OF RETURN
UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW
29 AUGUST 2025
  • Palestinian refugees are Palestinians who were expelled from their homes and homeland by Israel during and after the state’s establishment in 1948.
  • Under international law, all refugees have a right to return to areas from which they have fled or were forced, to receive compensation for damages, and to either regain their properties or receive compensation and support for voluntary resettlement. This right derives from a number of sources, including customary international law, international humanitarian law governing rights of civilians during war, and human rights law. The UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights(this link opens in a new window) states in Article 13(2) that “[e]veryone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and return to his own country.”
  • In December 1948, following Israel’s establishment based on the ethnic cleansing of approximately 750,000 Palestinians, the UN General Assembly passed Resolution 194(this link opens in a new window), which states: “refugees wishing to return to their homes and live at peace with their neighbours should be permitted to do so at the earliest practicable date, and that compensation should be paid for the property of those choosing not to return and for loss of or damage to property which, under principles of international law or in equity, should be made good by the Governments or authorities responsible.”
  • The right of return for Palestinian refugees has been affirmed repeatedly by the UN General Assembly, including through Resolution 3236(this link opens in a new window)(this document-link opens in a new window), which “Reaffirms also the inalienable right of the Palestinians to return to their homes and property from which they have been displaced and uprooted, and calls for their return.”
  • The Palestinian right of return has also been recognized by human rights organizations like Amnesty International, which issued a policy statement(this link opens in a new window)(this document-link opens in a new window) on the subject in 2001. It concluded: “Amnesty International calls for Palestinians who fled or were expelled from Israel, the West Bank or Gaza Strip, along with those of their descendants who have maintained genuine links with the area, to be able to exercise their right to return.”
  • According to a statement(this link opens in a new window) issued by Human Rights Watch in 2000: “HRW urges Israel to recognize the right to return for those Palestinians, and their descendants, who fled from territory that is now within the State of Israel, and who have maintained appropriate links with that territory. This is a right that persists even when sovereignty over the territory is contested or has changed hands.”
  • The right of refugees to return to homes and lands they were expelled from is an individual right and cannot be unilaterally abrogated by third parties.

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NOTE 55/RESIST!

[55]
BBC
GAZA WAR: WHERE DOES ISRAEL GETS ITS WEAPONS?
3 SEPTEMBER 2024
SEE FOR THE WHOLE TEXT, NOTE 54

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NOTES 53 AND 54/RESIST!

[53]
BBC
TRUMP’S 20-POINT GAZA PEACE PLAN IN FULL
9 OCTOBER 2025
SEE FOR THE WHOLE TEXT, NOTE 1
[54]

AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL INVESTIGATION CONCLUDES ISRAEL

IS COMMITTING GENOCIDE AGAINST PALESTINIANS IN GAZA

5 DECEMBER 2024

https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2024/12/amnesty-international-concludes-israel-is-committing-genocide-against-palestinians-in-gaza/

Amnesty International’s research has found sufficient basis to conclude that Israel has committed and is continuing to commit genocide against Palestinians in the occupied Gaza Strip, the organization said in a landmark new report published today.

The report, ‘You Feel Like You Are Subhuman’: Israel’s Genocide Against Palestinians in Gaza, documents how, during its military offensive launched in the wake of the deadly Hamas-led attacks in southern Israel on 7 October 2023, Israel has unleashed hell and destruction on Palestinians in Gaza brazenly, continuously and with total impunity.

“Amnesty International’s report demonstrates that Israel has carried out acts prohibited under the Genocide Convention, with the specific intent to destroy Palestinians in Gaza. These acts include killings, causing serious bodily or mental harm and deliberately inflicting on Palestinians in Gaza conditions of life calculated to bring about their physical destruction. Month after month, Israel has treated Palestinians in Gaza as a subhuman group unworthy of human rights and dignity, demonstrating its intent to physically destroy them,” said Agnès Callamard, Secretary General of Amnesty International.

“Our damning findings must serve as a wake-up call to the international community: this is genocide. It must stop now.

“States that continue to transfer arms to Israel at this time must know they are violating their obligation to prevent genocide and are at risk of becoming complicit in genocide. All states with influence over Israel, particularly key arms suppliers like the USA and Germany, but also other EU member states, the UK and others, must act now to bring Israel’s atrocities against Palestinians in Gaza to an immediate end.”

Over the past two months the crisis has grown particularly acute in the North Gaza governorate, where a besieged population is facing starvation, displacement and annihilation amid relentless bombardment and suffocating restrictions on life-saving humanitarian aid.

“Our research reveals that, for months, Israel has persisted in committing genocidal acts, fully aware of the irreparable harm it was inflicting on Palestinians in Gaza. It continued to do so in defiance of countless warnings about the catastrophic humanitarian situation and of legally binding decisions from the International Court of Justice (ICJ) ordering Israel to take immediate measures to enable the provision of humanitarian assistance to civilians in Gaza,” said Agnès Callamard.

“Israel has repeatedly argued that its actions in Gaza are lawful and can be justified by its military goal to eradicate Hamas. But genocidal intent can co-exist alongside military goals and does not need to be Israel’s sole intent.”

Amnesty International examined Israel’s acts in Gaza closely and in their totality, taking into account their recurrence and simultaneous occurrence, and both their immediate impact and their cumulative and mutually reinforcing consequences. The organization considered the scale and severity of the casualties and destruction over time. It also analysed public statements by officials, finding that prohibited acts were often announced or called for in the first place by high-level officials in charge of the war efforts.

“Taking into account the pre-existing context of dispossession, apartheid and unlawful military occupation in which these acts have been committed, we could find only one reasonable conclusion: Israel’s intent is the physical destruction of Palestinians in Gaza, whether in parallel with, or as a means to achieve, its military goal of destroying Hamas,” said Agnès Callamard.

“The atrocity crimes committed on 7 October 2023 by Hamas and other armed groups against Israelis and victims of other nationalities, including deliberate mass killings and hostage-taking, can never justify Israel’s genocide against Palestinians in Gaza.”

International jurisprudence recognizes that the perpetrator does not need to succeed in their attempts to destroy the protected group, either in whole or in part, for genocide to have been committed. The commission of prohibited acts with the intent to destroy the group, as such, is sufficient.

Amnesty International’s report examines in detail Israel’s violations in Gaza over nine months between 7 October 2023 and early July 2024. The organization interviewed 212 people, including Palestinian victims and witnesses, local authorities in Gaza, healthcare workers, conducted fieldwork and analysed an extensive range of visual and digital evidence, including satellite imagery. It also analysed statements by senior Israeli government and military officials, and official Israeli bodies. On multiple occasions, the organization shared its findings with the Israeli authorities but had received no substantive response at the time of publication.

Unprecedented scale and magnitude

Israel’s actions following Hamas’s deadly attacks on 7 October 2023 have brought Gaza’s population to the brink of collapse. Its brutal military offensive had killed more than 42,000 Palestinians, including over 13,300 children, and injured over 97,000 more, by 7 October 2024, many of them in direct or deliberately indiscriminate attacks, often wiping out entire multigenerational families. It has caused unprecedented destruction, which experts say occurred at a level and speed not seen in any other conflict in the 21st century, levelling entire cities and destroying critical infrastructure, agricultural land and cultural and religious sites. It thereby rendered large swathes of Gaza uninhabitable.

Mohammed, who fled with his family from Gaza City to Rafah in March 2024 and was displaced again in May 2024, described their struggle to survive in horrifying conditions:

“Here in Deir al-Balah, it’s like an apocalypse… You have to protect your children from insects, from the heat, and there is no clean water, no toilets, all while the bombing never stops. You feel like you are subhuman here.”

Israel imposed conditions of life in Gaza that created a deadly mixture of malnutrition, hunger and diseases, and exposed Palestinians to a slow, calculated death. Israel also subjected hundreds of Palestinians from Gaza to incommunicado detention, torture and other ill-treatment.

Viewed in isolation, some of the acts investigated by Amnesty International constitute serious violations of international humanitarian law or international human rights law. But in looking at the broader picture of Israel’s military campaign and the cumulative impact of its policies and acts, genocidal intent is the only reasonable conclusion.

Intent to destroy

To establish Israel’s specific intent to physically destroy Palestinians in Gaza, as such, Amnesty International analysed the overall pattern of Israel’s conduct in Gaza, reviewed dehumanizing and genocidal statements by Israeli government and military officials, particularly those at the highest levels, and considered the context of Israel’s system of apartheid, its inhumane blockade of Gaza and the unlawful 57-year-old military occupation of the Palestinian territory.

Before reaching its conclusion, Amnesty International examined Israel’s claims that its military lawfully targeted Hamas and other armed groups throughout Gaza, and that the resulting unprecedented destruction and denial of aid were the outcome of unlawful conduct by Hamas and other armed groups, such as locating fighters among the civilian population or the diversion of aid. The organization concluded these claims are not credible. The presence of Hamas fighters near or within a densely populated area does not absolve Israel from its obligations to take all feasible precautions to spare civilians and avoid indiscriminate or disproportionate attacks. Its research found Israel repeatedly failed to do so, committing multiple crimes under international law for which there can be no justification based on Hamas’s actions. Amnesty International also found no evidence that the diversion of aid could explain Israel’s extreme and deliberate restrictions on life-saving humanitarian aid.

In its analysis, the organization also considered alternative arguments such as ones that Israel was acting recklessly or that it simply wanted to destroy Hamas and did not care if it needed to destroy Palestinians in the process, demonstrating a callous disregard for their lives rather than genocidal intent.

However, regardless of whether Israel sees the destruction of Palestinians as instrumental to destroying Hamas or as an acceptable by-product of this goal, this view of Palestinians as disposable and not worthy of consideration is in itself evidence of genocidal intent.

Many of the unlawful acts documented by Amnesty International were preceded by officials urging their implementation. The organization reviewed 102 statements that were issued by Israeli government and military officials and others between 7 October 2023 and 30 June 2024 and dehumanized Palestinians, called for or justified genocidal acts or other crimes against them.

Of these, Amnesty International identified 22 statements made by senior officials in charge of managing the offensive that appeared to call for, or justify, genocidal acts, providing direct evidence of genocidal intent. This language was frequently replicated, including by Israeli soldiers on the ground, as evidenced by audiovisual content verified by Amnesty International showing soldiers making calls to “erase” Gaza or to make it uninhabitable, and celebrating the destruction of Palestinian homes, mosques, schools and universities.

Killing and causing serious bodily or mental harm

Amnesty International documented the genocidal acts of killing and causing serious mental and bodily harm to Palestinians in Gaza by reviewing the results of investigations it conducted into 15 air strikes between 7 October 2023 and 20 April 2024 that killed at least 334 civilians, including 141 children, and wounded hundreds of others. Amnesty International found no evidence that any of these strikes were directed at a military objective.

In one illustrative case, on 20 April 2024, an Israeli air strike destroyed the Abdelal family house in the Al-Jneinah neighbourhood in eastern Rafah, killing three generations of Palestinians, including 16 children, while they were sleeping.

While these represent just a fraction of Israel’s aerial attacks, they are indicative of a broader pattern of repeated direct attacks on civilians and civilian objects or deliberately indiscriminate attacks. The attacks were also conducted in ways designed to cause a very high number of fatalities and injuries among the civilian population.

Inflicting conditions of life calculated to bring about physical destruction

The report documents how Israel deliberately inflicted conditions of life on Palestinians in Gaza intended to lead, over time, to their destruction. These conditions were imposed through three simultaneous patterns that repeatedly compounded the effect of each other’s devastating impacts: damage to and destruction of life-sustaining infrastructure and other objects indispensable to the survival of the civilian population; the repeated use of sweeping, arbitrary and confusing mass “evacuation” orders to forcibly displace almost all of Gaza’s population; and the denial and obstruction of the delivery of essential services, humanitarian assistance and other life-saving supplies into and within Gaza.

After 7 October 2023, Israel imposed a total siege on Gaza cutting off electricity, water and fuel. In the nine months reviewed for this report, Israel maintained a suffocating, unlawful blockade, tightly controlled access to energy sources, failed to facilitate meaningful humanitarian access within Gaza,  and obstructed the import and delivery of life-saving goods and humanitarian aid, particularly to areas north of Wadi Gaza. They thereby exacerbated an already existing humanitarian crisis. This, combined with the extensive damage to Gaza’s homes, hospitals, water and sanitation facilities and agricultural land, and mass forced displacement, caused catastrophic levels of hunger and led to the spread of diseases at alarming rates. The impact was especially harsh on young children and pregnant or breastfeeding women, with anticipated long-term consequences for their health.

Time and again, Israel had the chance to improve the humanitarian situation in Gaza, yet for over a year it has repeatedly refused to take steps blatantly within its power to do so, such as opening sufficient access points to Gaza or lifting tight restrictions on what could enter the Strip  or their obstruction of aid deliveries within Gaza while the situation has grown progressively worse.

Through its repeated “evacuation” orders Israel displaced nearly 1.9 million Palestinians – 90% of Gaza’s population – into ever-shrinking, unsafe pockets of land under inhumane conditions, some of them up to 10 times. These multiple waves of forced displacement left many jobless and deeply traumatized, especially since some 70% of Gaza’s residents are refugees or descendants of refugees whose towns and villages were ethnically cleansed by Israel during the 1948 Nakba.

Despite conditions quickly becoming unfit for human life, Israeli authorities refused to consider measures that would have protected displaced civilians and ensured their basic needs were met, showing that their actions were deliberate.

They refused to allow those displaced to return to their homes in northern Gaza or relocate temporarily to other parts of the Occupied Palestinian Territory or Israel, continuing to deny many Palestinians their right to return under international law to areas they were displaced from in 1948. They did so knowing that there was nowhere safe for Palestinians in Gaza to flee to.

Accountability for genocide

“The international community’s seismic, shameful failure for over a year to press Israel to end its atrocities in Gaza, by first delaying calls for a ceasefire and then continuing arms transfers, is and will remain a stain on our collective conscience,” said Agnès Callamard.

“Governments must stop pretending they are powerless to end this genocide, which was enabled by decades of impunity for Israel’s violations of international law. States need to move beyond mere expressions of regret or dismay and take strong and sustained international action, however uncomfortable a finding of genocide may be for some of Israel’s allies.

“The International Criminal Court’s (ICC) arrest warrants for Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and former Defense Minister Yoav Gallant for war crimes and crimes against humanity issued last month offer real hope of long-overdue justice for victims. States must demonstrate their respect for the court’s decision and for universal international law principles by arresting and handing over those wanted by the ICC.

“We are calling on the Office of the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court (ICC) to urgently consider adding genocide to the list of crimes it is investigating and for all states to use every legal avenue to bring perpetrators to justice. No one should be allowed to commit genocide and remain unpunished.”

Amnesty International is also calling for all civilian hostages to be released unconditionally and for Hamas and other Palestinian armed groups responsible for the crimes committed on 7 October to be held to account.

The organization is also calling for the UN Security Council to impose targeted sanctions against Israeli and Hamas officials most implicated in crimes under international law.

Background

On 7 October 2023 Hamas and other armed groups indiscriminately fired rockets into southern Israel and carried out deliberate mass killings and hostage-taking there, killing 1,200 people, including over 800 civilians, and abducted 223 civilians and captured 27 soldiers. The crimes perpetrated by Hamas and other armed groups during this attack will be the focus of a forthcoming Amnesty International report.

Since October 2023, Amnesty International has conducted in-depth investigations into the multiple violations and crimes under international law committed by Israeli forces, including direct attacks on civilians and civilian objects and deliberately indiscriminate attacks killing hundreds of civilians, as well as other unlawful attacks on and collective punishment of the civilian population. The organization has called on the Office of the ICC Prosecutor to expedite its investigation into the situation in the State of Palestine and is campaigning for an immediate ceasefire.

END

AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL

ISRAEL/OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY:

”YOU FEEL YOU ARE SUBHUMAN”:

ISRAEL’S GENOCIDE AGAINST PALESTINIANS IN GAZA

5 DECEMBER 2024

https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde15/8668/2024/en/

This report documents Israel’s actions during its offensive on the occupied Gaza Strip from 7 October 2023. It examines the killing of civilians, damage to and destruction of civilian infrastructure, forcible displacement, the obstruction or denial of life-saving goods and humanitarian aid, and the restriction of power supplies. It analyses Israel’s intent through this pattern of conduct and statements by Israeli decision-makers. It concludes that Israel has committed genocide against Palestinians in Gaza.
A stand-alone executive summary is available in English and other languages: ‘You Feel Like You Are Subhuman’: Israel’s Genocide Against Palestinians in Gaza: Executive Summary (Index: MDE 15/8744/2024).

AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL REPORT

YOU FEEL YOU ARE SUBHUMAN

ISRAEL’S GENOCIDE AGAINST PALESTINIANS IN GAZA

DECEMBER 2024

file:///C:/Users/Eigenaar/Downloads/MDE1586682024ENGLISH%20(4).pdf

BBC
GAZA WAR: WHERE DOES ISRAEL GETS ITS WEAPONS?
3 SEPTEMBER 2024

Western governments have come under pressure to halt arms sales to Israel over how it is waging the war against Hamas in the Gaza Strip.

Israel is a major weapons exporter, but its military has been heavily reliant on imported aircraft, guided bombs and missiles to conduct what experts have described as one of the most intense and destructive aerial campaigns in recent history.

Campaign groups and some politicians among Israel’s Western allies say arms exports should be suspended because, they say, Israel is failing to do enough to protect the lives of civilians and ensure enough humanitarian aid reaches them.

On Monday, the UK said it was suspending about 30 export licences for military equipment to Israel for use in military operations in Gaza following a review of Israel’s compliance with international humanitarian law.

UK arms exports to Israel are relatively small compared to Israel’s total, but Israel’s prime minister denounced the UK’s decision as “shameful”.

The war was triggered by Hamas’s attack on Israel on 7 October, in which about 1,200 people were killed and 251 others taken hostage. More than 40,000 people have been killed in Gaza since then, the territory’s Hamas-run health ministry says.

Israel insists that its forces are working to avoid civilian casualties, accuses Hamas of deliberately putting civilians in the line of fire, and says there are no limits on aid deliveries.

United States

The US is by far the biggest supplier of arms to Israel, having helped it build one of the most technologically sophisticated militaries in the world.

According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), the US accounted for 69% of Israel’s imports of major conventional arms between 2019 and 2023.

The US provides Israel with $3.8bn (£2.9bn) in annual military aid under a 10-year agreement that is intended to allow its ally to maintain what it calls a “qualitative military edge” over neighbouring countries.

Part of the aid – $500m annually – is set aside to fund missile defence programmes, including the jointly developed Iron Dome, Arrow and David’s Sling systems. Israel has relied on them during the war to defend itself against rocket, missile and drone attacks by Palestinian armed groups in Gaza, as well as other Iran-backed armed groups based in Lebanon, Syria, Iraq and Yemen.

In the days after Hamas’s 7 October attack, President Joe Biden said the US was “surging additional military assistance” to Israel.

SIPRI said the US rapidly delivered thousands of guided bombs and missies to Israel at the end of 2023, but that the total volume of Israeli arms imports from the US that year was almost the same as in 2022.

Last December, the Biden administration made public two urgent sales to Israel after using emergency authority to skip congressional review. One sale was for 14,000 rounds of tank ammunition worth $106m, while the other was for $147m of components to make 155mm artillery shells.

US media reported in March that the administration had also quietly made more than 100 other military sales to Israel since the start of the war, most falling below the dollar amount that would require Congress to be formally notified. They were said to have included thousands of precision-guided munitions, small-diameter bombs, bunker busters and small arms.

In May, the US paused a shipment of weapons to Israel for the first time, as representatives of Mr Biden’s Democratic Party in Congress and supporters became increasingly concerned by Israel’s plan for a ground offensive on the southern Gaza city of Rafah.

US officials said 1,800 2,000lb (907kg) bombs and 1,700 500lb bombs would be held back over concerns that civilians could be killed if they were used on densely populated urban areas. In July, US officials said the delivery of the 500lb bombs would be authorised, but that the 2,000lb bombs would continue to be withheld out of continued concern over civilian casualties.

Then last month, the Biden administration notified Congress that it had approved $20bn of weapons sales to Israel. They comprised an $18.8bn package for up to 50 F-15IA jets and upgrade kits for 25 F-15I aircraft that Israel already has; an unspecified number of 8-tonne cargo trucks worth $583m; 30 medium-range, air-to-air missiles for $102m; and 50,000 120mm mortar rounds for $61m. However, those weapons are not expected be delivered to Israel until 2026 at the earliest.

Germany

Germany is the next biggest arms exporter to Israel, accounting for 30% of imports between 2019 and 2023, according to SIPRI.

In 2022, Israel signed a €3bn ($3.3bn; £2.5bn) deal with Germany to buy three advanced, Dakar-class diesel submarines, which were expected to be delivered from 2031 onwards. They will replace the German-build Dolphin-class submarines currently operated by the Israeli Navy.

Last year, the European nation’s weapons sales to Israel were worth €326.5m ($361m; £274m) – a 10-fold increase compared with 2022 – with the majority of those export licences granted after the 7 October attacks.

The German government said in January that the sales comprised €306.4m worth of military equipment and €20.1m of “war weapons”.

According to the DPA news agency, the latter included 3,000 portable anti-tank weapons and 500,000 rounds of ammunition for automatic or semi-automatic firearms. It also said that most of the export licences were granted for land vehicles and technology for the development, assembly, maintenance and repair of weapons.

Chancellor Olaf Scholz has been a staunch supporter of Israel’s right to self-defence throughout the war and, although his tone on Israeli actions in Gaza has shifted in recent weeks and there has been some debate in Germany, the arms sales do not appear to be at risk of suspension.

Italy

Italy is the third-biggest arms exporter to Israel, but it accounted for only 0.9% of Israeli imports between 2019 and 2023, according to SIPRI. They have reportedly included helicopters and naval artillery.

The Campaign Against Arms Trade (CAAT), a UK-based pressure group, says exports and licences of military goods by Italy to Israel were worth €17m ($18.8m; £14.3m) in 2022.

In 2023, sales of “arms and munitions” amounted to €13.7m, the magazine Altreconomia has cited national statistics bureau ISTAT as saying.

Some €2.1m of exports were approved between October and December 2023, despite the government’s assurances that it was blocking them under a law banning weapons sales to countries that are waging war or are deemed to be violating human rights.

Defence Minister Guido Crosetto told parliament in March that Italy had honoured existing contracts after checking them on a case-by-case basis and ensuring “they did not concern materials that could be used against civilians”.

United Kingdom

In December 2023, the UK government said British exports of military goods to Israel were “relatively small”, amounting to £42m ($55m) in 2022.

That figure fell to £18.2m in 2023, according to the Department for Business and Trade’s records.

Between 7 October 2023 and 31 May 2024, 42 export licences were issued for military goods while there were 345 extant licences. The Department for Business and Trade said the military equipment covered under the licences included components for military aircraft, military vehicles and combat naval vessels.

CAAT says the UK has granted arms export licences to Israel worth £576m in total since 2008. Much of those have been for components used in US-made warplanes that end up in Israel.

In September 2024, UK Foreign Secretary David Lammy announced the immediate suspension of about 30 export licences for items used in Israeli military operations in Gaza.

He said he had received an assessment that had concluded there was a “clear risk” that certain military exports “might be used to commit or facilitate a serious violation of international humanitarian law”.

“The UK continues to support Israel’s right to self-defence in accordance with international law,” he stressed.

The licences cover components for military aircraft, including fighter jets, helicopters and drones, as well as items that facilitate ground targeting.

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu denounced the UK’s decision as “shameful” and “misguided”. He warned that the arms ban would embolden Hamas and insisted Israel was pursuing a just war by just means.

Israeli defence industry

Israel has also built up its own defence industry with US help and now ranks as the ninth-largest arms exporter in the world, with a focus on advanced technological products rather than large-scale hardware.

It held a 2.3% share of global sales between 2019 and 2023, according to SIPRI, with India (37%), the Philippines (12%) and the US (8.7%) the three main recipients.

Israel’s defence exports were worth more than $13bn in 2023, according to the Israeli defence ministry.

Air defence systems made up 36% of those exports, followed by radar and electronic warfare systems (11%), fire and launch equipment (11%), and drones and avionics (9%).

In September 2023, just before the war began, Germany agreed a $3.5bn deal with Israel to buy the sophisticated Arrow 3 missile defence system, which intercepts long-range ballistic missiles. It was Israel’s largest ever defence deal and had to be approved by the US because it jointly developed the system.

US military stockpile in Israel

Israel is also home to a vast US arms depot set up in 1984 to pre-position supplies for its troops in case of a regional conflict, as well as to give Israel quick access to weapons in emergencies.

The Pentagon shipped about 300,000 155mm artillery shells from the War Reserve Stockpile Ammunition-Israel to Ukraine following the Russian invasion.

Stockpiled munitions at the depot have also reportedly been supplied to Israel since the start of the Gaza war.

END

ALJAZEERA
WHY IS THE US UNEQUIVOCAL IN ITS SUPPORT FOR ISRAEL?
19 MAY 2021

With Israel attacking Gaza for a second week, United States President Joe Biden and his administration are sticking to a long-established script in Washington, expressing unequivocal support for Israel and its “legitimate right to defend itself” from Hamas rocket attacks.

That narrative fails to acknowledge the profound advantages the state of Israel enjoys over the Palestinians when it comes to military prowess, wealth and resources. It also turns a deaf ear to growing cries from progressive Democrats in Congress to take a harder line with Israel over its military assault on Gaza.

This latest escalation in violence has killed at least 213 Palestinians, including 61 children, while ten Israelis have died, including two children,

So why is the US so unwavering in its support for Israel?

When did the US start supporting Israel?

From the beginning. Former US President Harry Truman was the first world leader to recognise Israel when it was created in 1948.

Why was Truman so quick to do that?

In part because of personal ties. Truman’s former business partner, Edward Jacobson, played a pivotal role in laying the groundwork for the US in recognising Israel as a state. But there were also strategic considerations driving the decision.

What were the strategic stakes at the time?

This was right after World War II, when the Cold War between the US and the Soviet Union was taking shape.

The Middle East, with its oil reserves and strategic waterways (think the Suez Canal) was a key battleground for superpower hegemonic influence. The US was taking over from severely weakened European powers as the primary western power broker in the Middle East.

But even then, support for Israel was not unequivocal.

So when did it become unequivocal?

That is partly rooted in the aftermath 1967 war in which Israel defeated the poorly led armies of Egypt, Syria and Jordan and occupied the rest of historical Palestine – as well as some territory from Syria and Egypt.

Since then, the US has acted unequivocally to support Israel’s military superiority in the region and to prevent hostile acts against it by Arab nations.

Were there other developments that played a role?

There was also the 1973 war that ended with Israel defeating Egyptian and Syrian forces.

Partly to drive a wedge between Egypt and Syria and thwart Soviet influence, the US used the aftermath of the 1973 war to lay the groundwork for a peace deal between Israel and Egypt that was eventually cemented in 1979.

Has that influenced US aid to Israel?

You bet. Israel is the largest cumulative recipient of US foreign aid in the post-World War II era.

In 2016, then-President Barack Obama signed a defence agreement with Israel providing $38bn in US military support over 10 years including funding for the Iron Dome missile defence system.

Bear in mind, Israel is not exactly in need of aid. It is a high-income country with a thriving high-tech sector.

Is this all just about practical geostrategic stuff?

Like all things foreign policy-related, public opinion, money – and the influence money buys in politics – have also played a role in US policy towards Israel and the Palestinians.

What role has public opinion played?

American public opinion has long tilted in favour of Israel and against the Palestinians, in part because Israel had a superior PR machine.  But headline-grabbing, violent actions by pro-Palestinian groups such as the 1972 Munich Massacre in which 11 Israeli Olympic athletes were killed also generated sympathy for Israel.

Has that sympathy wavered at all?

More Americans are warming to the Palestinian cause, according to an annual survey conducted by Gallup.

The February poll found that 25 percent of Americans sympathise more with Palestinians – a 2-percentage-point increase over the previous year and a full six percentage points higher than 2018.

Favourable ratings for the Palestinian Authority also hit a new high of 30 percent – a 7-percentage-point improvement over 2020.

But Israel still holds far more sway in the court of US public opinion.

That same Gallup poll found that 58 percent of Americans sympathise more with Israel, while 75 percent of Americans rate Israel favourably.

What about pro-Israeli political influence?

There are a number of organisations in the US that advocate for US support of Israel. The largest and most politically powerful is the American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC).

Members of the organisation wield influence through grassroots organising, advocacy and fundraising among American Jews in the US as well as Christian evangelical churches.

How powerful is AIPAC?

AIPAC holds an annual conference in Washington, DC, with about 20,000 attendees that feature personal appearances by top US politicians. President Joe Biden and former President Donald Trump have made appearances. Israel Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu is also a regular attendee.

Is there a rival to AIPAC?

A smaller, pro-Israel group called J Street organised by Democrats has sought to build a constituency in US politics that is supportive of Israel and Palestinian rights.

What about influence in dollar terms?

Pro-Israel interest groups donate millions to US federal political candidates. During the 2020 campaign, pro-Israel groups donated $30.95m, with 63 percent going to Democrats, 36 percent to Republicans. That is about twice as much as they donated during the 2016 campaign, according to OpenSecrets.org.

Who are some of the US political heavyweights in Israel’s corner?

Former President Trump, driven by support for Israel from evangelical Christians and a like-minded leader in Netanyahu, was a staunch defender of Israel during his four years in office.

Large majorities of the US Congress in the Democratic and Republican parties are avowedly pro-Israel.

House of Representatives Speaker Nancy Pelosi, House Majority Leader Steny Hoyer and Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer – all Democrats – have long track records of supporting Israel and can be counted on to voice strong support for Israel’s right to self-defence in moments of conflict.

When asked last week whether more needed to be done to stop Israel’s assault on Gaza, Pelosi responded: “The fact is that we have a very close relationship with Israel, and Israel’s security is a national security issue for us, as our friend, a democratic country in the region.”

“Hamas is threatening the security of people in Israel. Israel has a right to defend itself,” Pelosi said.

Who is in the Palestinians’ corner?

The Palestinian point of view has long been represented by the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee (ADC), founded in 1980 and the US Campaign for Palestinian Rights, an activist network founded in 2001, among others. But pro-Palestinian groups are not nearly as active in US federal campaign spending.

Are there any heavyweights in Washington backing Palestinians?

Within the US Democratic Party, a growing faction of progressives who support the Palestinians has gained prominence on the national stage.

Lead among them are Senators Bernie Sanders and Elizabeth Warren, both former contenders for the Democratic nomination for president in 2020. Sanders and Warren have called for conditioning US military aid to Israel on Palestinian human rights.

In the House of Representatives, new progressives like Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, Ilhan Omar, Ayanna Pressley and Rashida Tlaib – the first Palestinian American elected to Congress – have emerged as leading voices for Palestinians.

These younger newcomers are not as reliant on the traditional fundraising structures of US politics and are more motivated by concern about Israel’s treatment of Palestinians in Gaza, the West Bank and in Israel.

Former President Jimmy Carter, a Democrat, had paved the way for today’s progressives with a 2006 best-selling book titled Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid.

END

ALJAZEERA

HOW THE US FUNDED ISRAEL’S WARS ON

GAZA, LIBANON, IRAN

7 OCTOBER 2025

https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2025/10/7/reports-israel-couldnt-wage-wars-on-gaza-lebanon-iran-without-us-support

Twin reports from the Costs of War Project find the US has backed Israel with more than $21bn since October 2023.

Israel would not have been able to sustain its wars across the Middle East without the United States’s significant financial backing of more than $21bn since October 2023, according to a pair of new reports.

 

The reports, which were released by the Costs of War Project at Brown University, found that: without US weapons and money, Israel wouldn’t have been able to sustain its genocidal war on Gaza, start a war with Iran, or repeatedly bomb Yemen.

The report’s findings are also backed up by analysts who said Israel’s wars in Gaza and in the wider region could not have continued without US financial and diplomatic support.

“US support for Israel at all levels is indispensable to the prosecution of Israel’s war both in Gaza and across the region,” Omar H Rahman, a fellow at the Middle East Council on Global Affairs, told Al Jazeera.

Israel’s war on Gaza alone has killed at least 67,160 people and wounded another 169,679 since October 2023.

Thousands are still believed to be under the Gaza Strip’s ruins, while Israel has killed dozens in strikes on Yemen and killed more than 1,000 people when it attacked Iran in June.

Israel needs US financing for war

Two years ago, 1,139 people died during a Hamas-led attack on Israel, and more than 200 were taken captive.

Israel’s response was to devastate Gaza and to wage a wider war against any group it considered hostile in the region.

It increased raids in the occupied West Bank and Jerusalem; killed over 4,000 people in Lebanon while eviscerating swaths of villages; invaded and occupied Lebanese and Syrian land; bombed Iran’s consulate in Damascus and started a 12-day war with Iran; and traded attacks with Yemen’s Houthis.

But Israel couldn’t have maintained these wars without constant US support, researchers found.

“Given the scale of current and future spending, it is clear the [Israeli army] could not have done the damage they have done in Gaza or escalated their military activities throughout the region without US financing, weapons, and political support,” read the report – US Military Aid and Arms Transfers to Israel, October 2023–September 2025 – by William D Hartung, a senior research fellow at the Quincy Institute for Responsible Statecraft.

Hartung’s report was jointly released by the Costs of War and the Quincy Institute, which describes itself as promoting “ideas that move US foreign policy away from endless war, toward military restraint and diplomacy in the pursuit of international peace”.

Hartung’s findings and a companion report by Linda J Bilmes, an expert on budgeting and public finance at the Harvard Kennedy School, found that the US spent “a total of $31.35 – $33.77 billion and counting” since October 7, 2023 in military aid to Israel and in “US military operations in the region”.

They show how US support for Israel has helped it continue to wage war on multiple fronts for two years, and analysts backed up the reports’ conclusions.

“Israel needs US arms in order to do what it is doing,” Rahman said.

“It has dropped an excessive amount of ordinance on Gaza and elsewhere. It produces certain weapons and technology, but it doesn’t manufacture the bombs, so without the US, it couldn’t drop those bombs.”

Bipartisan support

The US has long been Israel’s most fervent backer. When it comes to US foreign aid, Israel is the largest annual recipient (at around $3.3bn yearly) and the largest cumulative one (more than $150bn until 2022).

Over decades and despite the changing of administrations, US support for Israel was constant.

Hartung’s report specifically mentions that the administrations of both US President Joe Biden and his successor, Donald Trump, committed tens of billions of dollars in arms sales agreements, including services and weapons that will be paid for in the coming years.

“[This] bipartisan support … allowed a serial violator of international law for pretty much its entire existence with the support of the democratic West without being questioned in a significant way in the political and social mainstream,” Rahman said.

However, many Americans have started to move away from the mainstream position on Israel. In recent months, as scholars declared Israel’s actions in Gaza a genocide, public perception of Israel in the US has severely degraded.

This drop is also true among American Jews. According to a recent Washington Post poll, four in 10 US Jews believe Israel is committing genocide, while more than 60 percent say Israel has committed war crimes in Gaza.

US always finds billions to assist Israel

And analysts believe that could have a big impact going forward for anyone in US politics.

“Some former Biden administration officials may hope that they won’t have to deal with this, but they are living in a fantasy world,” Matt Duss, executive vice president at the Center for International Policy in Washington, DC, told Al Jazeera.

“I don’t think any Democrat can win a primary in 2028 without acknowledging the Biden administration inflicted and helped perpetrate a genocide,” he said.

In addition to US public criticism of Israel’s actions in the Middle East, analysts say figures like the ones shown by the Costs of War Project’s reports may also draw ire from Americans frustrated by where their tax dollars are going.

“Budgets are about priorities, but even though Americans have the thinnest social safety net of any modern country, somehow we always seem to find billions upon billions of dollars to assist Israel in its various wars,” Duss said.

“Anyone who has ever tried to do a household budget can see how absurd it is, but it is also reflective of the broader corruption of American politics.

“It’s not just Israeli interests, it’s also the US industrial complex, who are making money hand over fist, because so much of this aid and assistance is not just arms sales but granting of assistance that’s going to a lot of US companies.”

END

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NOTES 51 AND 52/RESIST!

[51]
BBC
TRUMP’S 20-POINT GAZA PEACE PLAN IN FULL
9 OCTOBER 2025
SEE FOR THE WHOLE TEXT, NOTE 1
[52]
\\19. While Gaza re-development advances and when the PA reform programme is faithfully carried out, the conditions may finally be in place for a credible pathway to Palestinian self-determination and statehood, which we recognise as the aspiration of the Palestinian people.”
BBC
TRUMP’S 20-POINT GAZA PEACE PLAN IN FULL
9 OCTOBER 2025
SEE FOR THE WHOLE TEXT, NOTE 1

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NOTES 49 AND 50/RESIST!

[49]
DEMONIC ZIONISM GIVES BIRTH TO TERROR STATE ISRAEL/
A TRAVEL TO A DARK PAST
ASTRID ESSED
20 JULY 2025
[50]
DEMONIC ZIONISM GIVES BIRTH TO TERROR STATE ISRAEL/
A TRAVEL TO A DARK PAST
ASTRID ESSED
20 JULY 2025
DISASTER OVER PALESTINE/THE REFUGEE PROBLEM
AND THE IDEOLOGY OF TRANSFER
ASTRID ESSED
SEE ALSO
TEXT

In contrary with the allegations of zionist non-deniers, the expulsion of the Palestinians in 1948 and 1967 was no ad hoc war-crime, but a yearlong deliberate planned strategy

 

Dear Editor and Readers,

This month june, it had been 40 years ago, Resolution 242 has passed, which urged Israel to withdraw from among else the Palestinian areas, which it had conquered in the june-war in 1967
As you all shall know, Israel completely has ignored, over 40 years, to fullfill this resolution

The occupation was the last fullfillment of the conquest of ”historical Palestine”, which was the very aim of zionism

Another aim was the expulsion of the original and autochton Palestinian population from their own country, which has been executed in 1948 [750.000 people] and 1967 [250.000 people]

In contrary with the allegations of zionist non-deniers [regarding the expulsion] this, however, was not an ad hoc war-crime, but a deliberate strategy, which was based on the views of the early zionist thinkers and is a ‘necessity” for the fullfillment of the political zionism

To expose and unmask this process and in remembrance of all the nameless victims of this ethnic cleansings, I have written underlying article

May justice be like a river

Kind regards
Astrid Essed
The Netherlands

See for picture of Palestinian refugees:

http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General/Story1649.html

The Naqba

Disaster over Palestine
The Palestinian Refugee-problem and the ideology of transfer

Dedicated to the anonymous Palestinian victims of expulsion

In solemn remembrance and respect for Count Folke Bernadotte, who, being UN mediator for Palestine in 1948, has paid with his life by defending the rights of the Palestinian Arabs, who were victims of the expulsion by the Israeli-zionist militias. [1]

“The Arabs will have to go, but one needs an opportune moment for making it happen, such as a war.”

Part of a letter of the zionistic-Israeli politician David Ben Gurion, to his son, dd 1937

UN General Assembly Resolution 194 dd 11-12-1948

The General Assembly,
Having considered further the situation in Palestine

………….
………….
………….
………….

Resolves that the refugees wishing to return to their homes and live at peace with their neighbours should be permitted to do so at the earliest practicable date, and that compensation should be paid for the property of those choosing not to return and for loss of or damage to property which, under principles of international law or in equity, should be made good by the Governments or authorities responsible

Instructs the Conciliation Commission to facilitate the repatriation, resettlement and economic and social rehabilitation of the refugees and the payment of compensation, and to maintain close relations with the Director of the United Nations Relief for Palestine Refugees and, through him, with the appropriate organs and agencies of the United Nations;

Few things in life are so tragic like streams of refugees, who, fleeing for the violence of war or directly expelled, are moving painfully forward, towards an uncertain future.
Those images are daily seen on TV and leave behind a non-erasable memory

A Refugees and military activities:

There are few photographs and archives about this tragic fate of Palestinian refugees, on the eve of the one-sided exclamation of the State of Israel, by the zionistic politician Mr Ben Gurion [2] and the military confrontations thereafter, between the Israeli-zionistic military organisations [the Hagana, Palmach and the terrorgangs Irgun and Stern] on the one hand, and the armies of several Arabic countries [3], on the other hand

However, contrary with the pro-Israeli-propaganda, no great impression should be made of the strength of the Arabic troops, since it concerned countries, which had become independent recently [for that time under British or French mandatory or ”protective” authority], and therefore couldn’t have formed an extended army, while the zionist troops were very well armed, partly due to own effort, partly due to British military training

Also the Transjordanian army [the present Jordan], which was the biggest army, only fought in the evironments of Jerusalem
A further problem was also the lack of harmony on Arab side, because of mutual conflicts

The result of the military confrontation between the zionist-Israeli troops and the Arab troops is known.
Not only the zionist army won the war, also it occupied 20% of the area, which was granted to the Arabs according to the UN Partition Plan for Palestine [resulting in UN General Assembly-resolution, nr 181,which was accepted dd december 1947]
The rest of the curtailed Arab area was occupied by respective Trans-Jordan [namely the present Westbank and Eastern-Jerusalem] and Egypt [the present Gaza-area]

Jerusalem, which would have a corpus separatum-status [an international character], according to the Partition Plan, was partly occupied by the newly exclaimed State of Israel [Western Jerusalem], partly by Trans-Jordan [Eastern Jerusalem]

B The humanitarian toll of the war

The humanitarian toll of the war was very high, especially on the Arab-Palestine side.

Although it has to be admitted, that war-crimes and grave human rights violations took place on both sides [4], the fact remains, that, yet apart from the horrible character as such, a number of massacres in Arabic villages, instigated by zionist/Israeli terrorgangs, has had disasterous consequences for the Palestinian/Arab population in Palestine

The most notorious was the massacre in the Arab village of Deir Yassin in the night of april the 9th to the 10th, in which 100 to 120 Palestinian/Arab inhabitants were killed.
Those responsible, who have been actually never brought to justice, were units of the Israeli-zionistic terror-gangs Irgun and Stern [with knowlegde of the regular zionist army the Haganah, which would later deny any responsibility], with as commanders the later Israeli prime-ministers mr Begin and mr Shamir.

Moreover, in his book ”The Revolt”, the Israeli prime-minister Mr Begin alleged, that without the ”victory” (his words) of Deir Yassin, the State of Israel probably wouldn’t be founded at all.
Although this allegation could have referred to the intimidating effect on the Palestinian civilian population, without a deliberated plan to provoke this, it must be noticed, that this bery allegation was made by one of the responsible commanders for the attack on Deir Yassin.

Yet apart from the massacres and the following immense stream of refugees, on which I shall refer, also 400 Arab villages were destroyed [5]

C Military aims of Plan Dalet and other Israeli military operations:

Although I will not go as far as to assume, that the massacres were aimed deliberately to expell the Arab population, it is highly probable, that Plan Dalet (the zionist-Israeli military operations between april the 1st and may the 15th 1948] has had as main goals as well the occupation of parts of the Arab area [according to the decision by UN resolution 181], as the destruction of Arab villages in the Jewish area [according to the decision by UN resolution 181]

Referring to that occupation, I quote the ”introduction” to Plan Dalet:

´´a) “The objective of this plan is to gain control of the areas of the Hebrew state and defend its borders. It also aims at gaining control of the areas of Jewish settlements and concentration which are located outside the borders (of the Hebrew state) against regular, semi-regular, and small forces operating from bases outside or inside the state.´´

Regarding the deliberate destruction of Arab villages I quote Section B of the Plan:

´´Destruction of villages (setting fire to, blowing up, and planting mines in the debris), especially those population centers which are difficult to control continuously. … Mounting search and control operations according to the following guidelines: encirclement of the village and conducting a search inside it. In the event of resistance, the armed force must be destroyed and the population expelled outside the borders of the state. ´´

Also the later Israeli-zionist plans were embroidering on the mourning clothes of military attacks on Arab villages and the occupation of as much as Arab area as possible.

D Stream of refugees:

It will not be a surprise to the reader, that as a consequence of this dirty war, hunderd-thousands of Arab people fled, due to the ditect and indirect expulsion from their houses and lands

Indirectly because of fear for new massacres, directly because of expulsions by the Israeli-zionistic regulary troops, as well the terrorgangs Irgun and Stern.
More than 750.000 Arab refugees were the victims of those expulsions

Not only those expulsions are definitely inhuman, morover, being ethnic cleanings, they belong to the gravest war-crimes

The humanitarian toll has its consequences till today and is still enlarged by the second ethnic cleansing in 1967, after the Israeli victory in the Six Day war [the socalled ”june-war], by which more than 250.000 people fled or were expulsed.

Further it needs to be said, that this expulsion of the Arab-Palestinian population was not only one of the aims of Plan Dalet, but was also rooted in the political-ideological ideas of great number of prominent zionist leaders
I will refer to this later

1 Israeli version of the cause of the Refugee-stream:

Evidently, the need of an official apologetic Israeli version of the tragic events was high, not only as a justification for the ”outside world”, but also to keep up the myth of the ”high standard” principles of the ”Jewish State”, in contrast with the ”barbarism” of the Arabs, thus corresponding with the Western-European racist views about Arab people.

Except for those racist views, there were more reasons for believing the Israeli version and supporting the new-founded State of Israel, like Western guilt-feelings about the holocaust, religious fantasies about the refoundation of the ”Promised Land” by people, who called themselves ”christians” and colonial thought [which didn’t consider it as unacceptable to ”found a State” in the country of the autochtonous people, in casu the Palestinian Arabs]

In the Israeli version, the emphasis was being laid on the voluntarily departure of the Arab-Palestinian population, in response to an Arab broadcast-call, which urged the Palestinian Arabs to leave Palestine, waiting for the victory over ”the Jews” [thus referring to the zionist-Israeli armies]

However, neither the official Israeli ”first generation” historians, nor the later New Historians, who are contradicting the official version, ever have found any proof of the existence of this socalled ”broadcast-call”

2 Unmasking of the official Israeli version: The New Historians

However, another important discovery, which would throw a whole different light on the official Israeli history, was made by the New Historians like Benny Morris, Ilan Pappe and others, namely the evident proof, that no ”voluntarily depart” had taken place, but either a mass expulsion or a flight in panic, out of fear for future massacres

The proof was found in Israeli governmental and army papers, archive-materials and other documentation.

Yet apart from the official governmental and army material, it is highly unlikely anyway, that a great deal of the civilian population, consisting of complete families, would abamdon homes and lands to depart because of a broadcast-call of one or more Arab leaders.
Further, the flight behaviour [a mother without her children, a man without his wife, a family without an old father or mother], as well as the leaving behind of neccessary tools [like clothes] shows a hurried and unvoluntarily depart.

To complete the zionist ”hall of shame”, some films have been discovered, which show pictures of the actual expulsion of the civilian population by Israeli military units.

E The deeperlying motivation for the ethnic cleansings:

1 The views of the zionist leaders

Untill recently the reality of the expulsions, as well as the criminal character of them, has been unmasked, but yet too little, the deeperlying causes have been emphasized

It must be said, that there are critical zionists, who have the moral decency, not to deny the scientific findings of the New Historians, but they assumpt mosltly, that the ethnic cleansings were not a part of a deliberate plan.

That is not correct

The historian Ilan Pappe states in his book ”The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine”, that the decision to this ethnic cleansing has been made in the socalled ”Red House” [located on the present Sheraton Tel Aviv], on the 30th of march 1948, during a meeting, headed under the chairmanship of the Israeli politician David Ben Gurion.

That this isn’t a new view, is being confirmed by a number of statements, made by zionist leaders in the past, who obviously have shown no moral objections against the expulsion of the Arab-Palestinian population.

In the introduction to this article I have quoted already a sentence of a letter, the already named politician David Ben Gurion wrote to his son in 1937.

Another notorious example is article III of the draft charter, which Theodor Herzl [6] proposed to the Sultan of Turkey [7] in 1901, which would give the Jews the right to deport the existing rural population [8]

However, it needs to be said, that not all zionist leaders hold this opinion.
So at the 7th zionistic Congress in Basel in 1905, Hillel Zeitlin [9] challenged the defenders of the transfer-idea by stating:

”Everyone seems to forget, that Palestine belongs to others and that the country is fully populated” [10]
The removal of the Jews to Palestine couldn’t be succesfull, according to Zeitlins opinion, unless the others should be transferred ”which shouldn’t be executed by anyone ”

Probably without realizing fully, this conscientious man referred to the very essence of the latter unscrupulous actions of the zionist leaders in the war of 1948.

2 The demografical problem

Although is being shown, that the perversity of the ethnical cleansing is based on zionist views from the time of Theodor Herzl, which are related to the then colonial contempt for the autochton population, also another motive must be named, the socalled ”demografical problem”

This ”demografical problem” has played a part in early Israeli politics till nowadays and can be in shortly characterized as the fear for a Palestinian population-majority in Israel.

It is clear

When a society is based on equal rights for everyone, regardless race, religion or descent, the number of different population-groups are of no importance.
However, when State policy is based on unequal rights, or stronger, on the denial of the right of existence of a certain part of the population, the demografical situation does matter.

It is clear also, that the Arab Palestinians were the autochton population of Palestine.
Further it is a fact, that they would have obtained the de facto political power in Palestine, when there had been a normal decolonization-process, like in the surrounding countries [Syria, Jordan, the then Trans-Jordan, Iraq, Lebanon etc]

However, due to Jewish immigration from the outside and the unjust claim of zionist leaders on Palestine, with the Balfour Declaration in their hands, the Palestinian right on selfdetermination was fundamentally and seriously violated.

The international legitimation for the violation of their own UN/Charter [11] was consolidated in UN resolution 181, by which Palestine was divided in a Jewish and Arab part, completely ignoring the right of selfdetermination of the autochton Arab population.
Quite rightly, the representive of the Arabic High Committee called the resolution a colonial decision

However, to legimate this ”Jewish State” [12] [the part of Palestine, that according to Resolution 181, was granted to the zionists] as much as possible [13], it was of the utmost importance, to make it as ”empty” as possible [14], since the zionist idea was hardly to defend, when there was an Arab majority.

Further the zionist leaders wanted to make ”room” for the immigration of Jewish peope from Europe and the rest of the world.

F After the june-war, ethnic cleansing again

It is of importance, to focus on the relation between the zionist idea and the ethnic cleansings, because of its next role in the ethnic cleansings after the Six Day War [june war] in 1967.

Of course the zionist leaders knew, that the occupation of the remaining Palestinian areas [the Westbank and Gaza, which were conquered by Jordan and Egypt in the war of 1948] would meet important critics, especially because of the extension of members of the UN, since 1948.

The old bastion of colonial powers with some subject semi-colonies [like a number of South-American countries, the Fillippines and the very poor Haiti] had been extended with a large number of ex-colonies, which could see a comparison between the fate of the Palestinians and their own colonial past.

However, given the nature of zionist ”necessity”, again ethnic cleansings took place, with as tragic result 250.000 Palestinian refugees.
Only this time the zionists didn’t succeed in fullfilling the dirty game, because of the above named extension of the UN and the Palestinians, who had become wiser by the former bitter experiences.

The occupation of the remaining of historial Palestine was a fact and despite the unanimously accepted Security Resolution 242 [15], which Israel summoned to withdraw from the Palestinian territories [The Westbank, the Gaza-area and Eastern Jerusalem] , the occupation still lasts, 40 years later, with as humanitarian consequences, numerous human rights violations of the Palestinian civilian population, mass-expropriations by the illegal settlementspolicy and the building of the Israeli Wall through occupied Palestinian area.

5 june 2007
A sad jubilee.

G Tragical fate of the refugees and UN General Assembly resolution 194:

When it was too late for the 750.000 fled or expelled Palestinian Arabs, the international community reacted.
In General Assembly Resolution 194 [dd december 1948] Israel was summoned to permit the refugees to return to their homes or that compensation should be paid for their property.
It is a known fact, that Israel is ignoring this resolution now for 59 years, with as a consequence, that the most of the refugees are living since 1948 in refugee-camps, in often miserable circumstances, without much chance on better conditions, as well in the occupied Palestinian territories as in surrounding countries.

Yet apart from the bad conditions, for which Israel is head-responsible, at least in the occupied territories [16], it has been said already, that Israel always has refused to acknowledge the right to return of the Palestinian refugees or to compensate them for their loss of property.

Except inhuman, it is also discriminatory, since every Jew in the world has the right to ”return”, while this right has been denied to the original autochton population.

Epilogue:

I have tried to make clear, that the Palestine refugee-problem is not only the tragic result of the warcrimes in 1948, but is founded on a conscious ideology of transfer, which is a ”necessity” in the concept of an artificially created ”Jewish State”

On this ”Jewish State” concept, the idea of transfer has been based, which is still vivid in Israeli society

As long as there is an artificially created ”Jewish State”, which came to this world with the assistance of unholy midwives, being the UN countries, who approved the UN partition-plan, resulting in resolution 181, there will be no peaceful existence with the neigbouring Arab countries.

Neither a peaceprocess, based on International Law, is possible, since occupation, the construction of the Wall and settlementspolicy are considered as the very tools for the safety of the State of Israel.

Therefore, lasting peace and a just solution of the refugee problem will be possible only in a non-zionist, secular Palestine with equal rights for all inhabitants, based on a one man, one vote government

Astrid Essed
Amsterdam
The Netherlands

Notes:

[1] Count Folke Bernadotte was assissinated in september 1948 by 3 members of the Stern gang, among else the later Israeli prime-minister Shamir, who was also responsible for the Deir Yassin massacre in april 1948
The reason for this assisination was his courageous defence of the human rights of the Palestinian Arabs, trying to prevent their expulsion

See also:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folke_Bernadotte

http://www.counterpunch.org/himmelstein09162004.html

http://www.wrmea.com/backissues/0995/9509083.htm

[2] Although the UN partition-plan for Palestine had been approved by the UN [by means of UN resolution 181], it didn’t imply yet the official acknowledgment of the ”Jewish State”, since there was still UN-discussion about the ”tutelage” of Palestine
Of course this ”tutelage” would be based on the approved UN resolution 181, in respect with the percentage of Palestine, which would be ”Jewish” [56,4] and ”Arab” [42,8] and Jerusalem, being a ”corpus separatum” [international status]

[3] The respective Arabic States were Egypt, Trans-Jordan [the present Jordan], Syria, Lebanon and Iraq

[4] At april 13th, 4 days after the Deir Yassin massacre, there was an Arab military attack on a medical convoy travelling to Haddassah Hospital, with as a tragic result the death of 77 doctors, nurses, and other Jewish civilians.

[5] The Israeli Prof I Pappe is referring to even 531 villages

[6] Founder of the zionism

[7] The draft charter was part of the request to the Sultan of Turkey dd 1901, to establish a ”Judisch-Ottomanische LandCompagnie zur Besiedlung von Palestina und Syrien”, simply said, the establishment of a Jewish community in Palestine [which has been often described as a ”Syrian province”]

[8] See: Rabbi Dr. Chaim Simons, A Historical Survey of Proposals to
Transfer Arabs from Palestine
1895 – 1947

For the part III of the draft charter: See

http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/Senate/7854/transfer03.html

[9] About Hillel Zeitlin:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillel_Zeitlin

[10] By this he challenged the early zionist propaganda, that Palestine was barely populated, embodied in the slogan of
“A land without a people for a people without a land”, which was uttered and propagated by the Jewish writer Israel Zangwill

[11] Article 1, 2, about the selfdetermination of all people, referring among else to the decolonisation-process
Evidently this principle was being ignored regarding the Arab-Palestinian population of Palestine
See
http://www.un.org/aboutun/charter/

[12] the part of Palestine, that according to UN Resolution 181, was granted to the zionists

[13] In the ”Jewish” part of Palestine [according to UN Resolution 181], the Arab Palestinians formed during the fisrt months of 1948, nearly the half of the whole population

[14] ”free” from the Arab Palestinian population

[15] The text of the UN Security Resolution 242
See

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_242#Text_of_Resolution

[16] in respect with the international judicial obligation, according to the 4th Geneva Convention, of an occupying power for the welfare, wellbeing and safety of the ”protected persons” [people, who live under an occupation]

Further backgroundinformation:

About UN General Assembly resolution 194

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UN_General_Assembly_Resolution_194

About the Deir Yassin massacre:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deir_Yassin_massacre

http://www.deiryassin.org/index.html

Testimony of Mr de Reynier, head of the Red Cross-delegation in Palestine

http://www.debriefing.org/1026.html

Eyewitness-testimony of Colonel Meir Pael [the former mr Meir Pilevsky], who had been a Palmach-soldier during the tragic events in Deir Yassin

http://www.ariga.com/peacewatch/dy/dypail.htm

Further information about Deir Yassin:

http://www.deiryassin.org/shimontzabar.html

http://www.deiryassin.org/mh2001.html

About the Israeli human rights organisation Zochrot, trying to raise awareness of the Naqba, at the Israeli public opinion:

http://www.afsc.org/israel-palestine/profiles-of-peace/eitan-bronstein.htm

http://www.nakbainhebrew.org/index.php?lang=english

About Theodor Herzl:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodor_Herzl

http://www.palestineremembered.com/Acre/Famous-Zionist-Quotes/Story643.html

Theodor Herzl: The Jewish State

http://www.geocities.com/Vienna/6640/zion/judenstaadt.html

Rabbi Dr. Chaim Simons, A Historical Survey of Proposals to
Transfer Arabs from Palestine
1895 – 1947

http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/Senate/7854/transfer.html

Hillel Zeitlin:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillel_Zeitlin

About the historian Mr Benny Morris:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benny_Morris

http://hnn.us/articles/3166.html

Website of Prof Ilan Pappe:

http://www.ilanpappe.org/

http://www.ilanpappe.org/Articles/Ilan%20Pappe%20on%20how%20Israel%20was%20founded%20on%20ethnic%20cleansing.html

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NOTE 48/RESIST!

[48]
BBC
TRUMP’S 20-POINT GAZA PEACE PLAN IN FULL
9 OCTOBER 2025
SEE FOR THE WHOLE TEXT, NOTE 1

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